トクシマケン ニオケル セイカンセンショウ Sexually Transmitted Disease : STD ノ ゲンジョウ : STD センチネル サーベイランス チョウサ ホウコク

The sentinel surveillance of sexually transmitted disease (STD) has been started in 8 model prefectures in Japan since 1998. The response rate of the surveillance in Tokushima was 87.7% in 1999, and 86.6% in 2000. From the results of the sentinel surveillance, the incidence rate of total STD per 100,000 person・year in Tokushima was about 410 in 1999, and about 440 in 2000. Chlamydial infection was most frequent especially in younger women, and the incident rate per 100,000 person・year was about 2,500 in the age ranged from 20 to 24 years old. Then, it seems important that the education about STD to young people and their parents

SARS ノ キソ ト リンショウ : インナイ カンセン タイサク オ チュウシン ニ

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS） affected more than ８０００ patients and caused ７７４ deaths in the world. A novel coronavirus was identified as the causative agent and named as SARS-coronavirus. Infected persons initially show the full-like symptoms such as fever, chill, myalgia and malaise, and subsequently respiratory symptoms including cough and dyspnea occur. In some patients, a watery diarrhea also appears. About １０ to ２０％ of patients requires the admission and mechanical ventilation. The mortality rate was as high as １０％. On the other hand, nasocomial transmission was a prominent feature of SARS. Transmission of SARS mainly occures through large droplets and direct contact. However, the evidence for airbone transmission in SARS was also reported. To prevent nasocomial transmission, a proper use of personal protective equipment （PPE） including N９５ respirator, gloves, gown and face shield in addition to standard precaution. Here we review basic and clinical aspects of SARS, and present SARS infection control in Tokushima University Hospital

Consumption in the G20 nations causes particulate air pollution resulting in two million premature deaths annually

G20の消費がPM2.5の排出を通じて年200万人の早期死亡者を生むことを推計. 京都大学プレスリリース. 2021-11-05.Worldwide exposure to ambient PM₂.₅ causes over 4 million premature deaths annually. As most of these deaths are in developing countries, without internationally coordinated efforts this polarized situation will continue. As yet, however, no studies have quantified nation-to-nation consumer responsibility for global mortality due to both primary and secondary PM2.5 particles. Here we quantify the global footprint of PM₂.₅-driven premature deaths for the 19 G20 nations in a position to lead such efforts. G20 consumption in 2010 was responsible for 1.983 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.685–2.285] million premature deaths, at an average age of 67, including 78.6 [71.5–84.8] thousand infant deaths, implying that the G20 lifetime consumption of about 28 [24–33] people claims one life. Our results indicate that G20 nations should take responsibility for their footprint rather than focusing solely on transboundary air pollution, as this would expand opportunities for reducing PM2.5-driven premature mortality. Given the infant mortality footprint identified, it would moreover contribute to ensuring infant lives are not unfairly left behind in countries like South Africa, which have a weak relationship with G20 nations

The HIV-1 Vpr displays strong anti-apoptotic activity

AbstractMutations in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vpr gene only slightly reduce the replication rate of the virus. To study the role of HIV-1 Vpr in biological effects on cells, HEp-2 cells, which express HIV-1 Vpr constitutively but at a low level, were established. While control HEp-2 cells underwent apoptosis when incubated with sorbitol, the morphological and biochemical apoptotic changes were inefficiently induced in the HIV-1 Vpr-expressing cells by the same treatment. These results clearly indicate that HIV-1 Vpr has anti-apoptotic activity, and raise the possibility that Vpr acts as a weak activator of virus replication through anti-apoptosis

cDNA cloning of rat proteasome subunit RC1, a homologue of RING10 located in the human MHC class II region

AbstractThe nucleotide sequence of a cDNA that encodes a new subunit, named RC1, of rat proteasomes (multicatalytic proteinase complexes) has been determined. The polypeptide predicted from the open reading frame consisted of 208 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 23,130, which is consistent with the size obtained by electrophoretic analysis of purified RC1. The partial amino acid sequences of several fragments of RC1, obtained by protein chemical analyses, were found to be in excellent accordance with those deduced from the cDNA sequence. Surprisingly, the overall structure of RC1 was found to be almost identical to that of recently isolated RING10, whose gene is located in the class II region of the human MHC gene cluster. This finding suggests that RC1 is a homologue of human RING10, supporting the proposal that proteasomes are involved in the antigen processing pathway

Induction of expressions of HLA class I and class II antigens by interferon on human renal cell carcinoma or bladder cancer cell lines

Interferon-induced expressions of HLA class I and class II (DR, DP, DQ) antigens on human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell lines and bladder cancer cell lines were analyzed by flowcytometry. Class I antigen was present on all six different RCC cell lines and the expression was enhanced with IFN-γ treatment except one cell line, Caki-2. Although no RCC cell lines expressed class II antigens without IFN-γ treatment, the treatment induced the expression of DR antigen in all cell lines except Caki-2. DP antigen was induced on KPK-1 and KPK-13 with exposure to IFN-γ. On the other hand, bladder cancer cell lines studied showed surface expression of class I antigen and enhanced expression of class I antigen with IFN-γ treatment. However, IFN-γ didn't enhance the expression of class II antigens on any of those bladder cancer cell lines. The minimum concentrations of IFN-γ to increase the expression of class I and DR andtigens on both KPK-13 and ACHN were 4 IU/ml and 100 IU/ml, respectively. The incubation time with IFN-γ to get the maximal expression of class I and DR antigens on KPK-13 were 36 hr and 48 hr, respectively. Meanwhile, although the expression of class I antigen on RCC cell lines was enhanced by IFN-α, IFN-α could not give any effect in class II antigens. Our results demonstrate the obvious effect of IFN-γ to enhance the expression of not only HLA class I antigen but also class II antigens on RCC cell lines

トクシマシ ゼンリツセンガン ケンシン ノ ゲンキョウ ト カダイ : ダイ2ホウ カコ 3ネンカン ノ ヒカク ケントウ

The aim of this study is to clarify the usefulness of PSA screening to detect prostate cancer subclinically in Tokushima City. Mass screening of serum PSA measurement only was started from ２００２ in Tokushima City. Three years’ results are reported and analyzed in this paper. In ２００２ to ２００４，（９０９９，９３４５，１０６８０） men over ５５ years old were measured serum PSA level with annual check of health condition at various outpatient clinics in Tokushima City. The men with high PSA levels were recommended to visit the urologist for further examinations. By the urologists the men with high PSA levels were diagnosed by careful urologic procedures including DRE, TRUS, accurate prostatic biopsy and more. In （８０１，６０６，７２７） men, PSA levels were over normal range, and （４５５，２５７，３５８） men visited urologic clinics for further examinations. Careful examinations were performed and prostatic biopsies were done in （２３３，１２１，１４１） men. Finally, the prostate cancers were found out in （１２１，６０，５９） men and these men were entered suitable medical treatments immediately. Accordingly， （１．３４％，０．６４％，０．５５％） of （９０９９，９３４５，１０６８０） men with PSA measurements were diagnosed as prostate cancers. In the group of prostate cancer, patient number of early cancer group （Stage B） were （８０：６６．１％，４２：７０．０％，５０：８４．７％），which means that prostate cancers found out by PSA screening might be early curable cancers in many cases. These ３ years’ results indicate that PSA screening is a very useful modality to find out early prostate cancers and contribute the decrease of prostate cancer death in Tokushima City in the future