Molecular Technique Utilising Sputum For Detecting Wuchereria bancrofti Infections In Malindi, Kenya

Background: Lymphatic filariasis is a tropical parasitic disease which has been identified for elimination by 2020 through mass drugs administration. There is a major problem in its diagnosis and sensitive surveillance methods for monitoring the disease elimination programs need to be sought. Objectives: To establish and evaluate the usefulness of a Polymerase Chain Reaction, PCR assay employing sputum for diagnosis of Wuchereria bancrofti infections in an endemic location. Design: Community based samples collection and a molecular laboratory technologies study. Setting: Mpirani, Malindi District and Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute. Subjects: Sputum samples were obtained from 304 willing and consenting participants, aged between 5 and 73 years resident in Mpirani, Malindi District. Results: Prevalence of W. bancrofti infection was found to be 42.8% (130/304) by PCR assay employing sputum compared with 22.0 % (67/304) and 38.8% (119/304) respectively for microfilaria counts and ICT. The sensitivity and specificity of the PCR sputum assay was 97.5 and 92.4% respectively. Predictive values were 89.2 and 98.3% for positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) respectively while accuracy was 94.4%. Conclusions: The molecular PCR assay using sputum was found to have a great potential for use in mass diagnosis and in epidemiological studies in patients with W. bancrofti infections East African Medical Journal Vol. 85 (3) 2008: pp. 118-12

Determination of vectorial potential of Mansonia species in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti in Tana-Delta District, Coast-Kenya

Background: Wuchereria bancrofti are parasites causing bancroftian filariasis which is transmitted by different species of mosquitoes. Mosquitoes of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes species are known to transmit W. bancrofti parasites.Objective: To determining the potential of Mansonia species; Ma. africanus and Ma. uniformis in the transmission of W. bancrofti.Design: Cross sectional study.Setting: Villages in Tana Delta district, Kenya.Subjects: In-door collected mosquitoes.Results: A total of one thousand, six hundred and sixty two (1632) female mosquitoes were collected by gravid traps, CDC light traps and Pyrethrum spray methods. Of these, 236 representing 14.5% were identified as Mansonia species. Two filarial larvae of stage two (L2) were obtained from the dissected mosquitoes. Polymerase chain reaction assays did not show any amplified W. bancrofti DNA from the obtained larvae or the mosquitoes.Conclusion: There was no evidence that Mansonia species play a role in the transmission of W. bancrofti