Effects of cell phone radiation on migration of granule cells in rat cerebellum

Introduction: There are a growing number of cell phone devices and they are one of the most popular sources for electromagnetic waves. However, there are many concerns regarding their biological effects on the body, especially the central nervous system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cell phone radiation on histology of the cerebellar granular cells in the neonatal rat. Materials and methods: We selected some Wistar rats. Then, we randomly divided their newborns into four groups. One of the groups was control and the other three were experimental groups. Groups I, II, and III were exposed to radiation from cell phone (with a distance of 10 cm from the rats) for a duration of 30 minutes, 2 hoursand 8 hours, respectively. After killing of the rats and preparing histological sections, we counted the granular cells of the cerebellum using Motic software. We measured the thickness of granular layers with Nickon software. Then, after data collection, statistical analysis was conducted using Tukey and Anova tests. Results: Results showed that cell population in internal granular region significantly decreased in group III. Also, results indicated a reduction in the external granular layer thickness in group III. Furthermore, cerebellar weight to body weight ratio in group III was significantly reduced as compared with the other groups. Conclusion: Results of this study showed that cell phone electromagnetic radiation can reduce the number of internal granular cells of the cerebellum and the external granular layer thickness is reduced

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Abstract Background: On June 16 and 17, 2007, the medical clinic of a prison in Isfahan, Iran received multiple reports of gastrointestinal illness among prisoners. A cross-sectional study was therefore undertaken to determine the extent, causative agent and possible source of the outbreak. Methods: A case-patient was de¿ned and patient information was collected with a standardized questionnaire. Stool samples were collected from the patients and restaurant employees, and analyzed for the presence of enteric bacteria by routine bacteriological methods. Shigella isolates were identi¿ed and serotyped by commercially available antisera. The relationship between the strains was determined using antimicrobial drug resistance pattern analysis and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR). Results: Seven hundred one inmates experienced gastrointestinal illness and severe diarrhea. The attack rate was 14.02%. Rectal swabs and stool cultures recovered from patients tested positive for Shigella Àexneri serotype 3a. All tested isolates had a similar antibiotic resistance and ERIC-PCR pattern. Our ¿ndings demonstrated that raw vegetables were more likely to be the causative agent of this outbreak. Conclusion: The results indicated that a single clone of S. Àexneri was responsible for this outbreak. Although we could not trace the exact origin of the organism, the consumption of raw vegetables one day prior to the onset of illness was strongly associated with an increased risk of S. Àexneri infection. This study emphasizes the need for accurate monitoring and surveillance of food and vegetables consumed in prisons