Putting the Corporate Back into Corporate Personhood

The Supreme Court has been wrestling with the doctrinal premises of corporate personhood on several occasions in recent years. The Court follows a long history of jurisprudence that has been criticized as cryptic or nebulous at best by many scholars. Especially since the recent economic crisis, the doctrine of corporate personhood has had polarizing effects on the public debate about the role of corporations in society. At a policy level, the debate revolves around questions about the scope of regulatory reach of the state over business; at a sociological level, the issue presents itself as an oxymoron, whether “corporations have human rights,” as the Wall Street Journal postulated. The article provides an important insight into what is wrong with the majority opinion in Citizens United. The paper argues that corporate legal theory (about the nature of the firm) should inform the debate on corporate constitutional rights in order to avoid intra-corporate conflicts with competing interests of shareholders and— depending on the prevailing corporate theory in a national context—its other stakeholders. In essence, we should put the “corporate” back into corporate personhood

Corporate Engagement with Public Policy: The New Frontier of Ethical Business

The article explains that a normative framework for corporate engagement with public policy is required as part of the evolving corporate responsibility paradigm

Management of grape colaspis, Colaspis brunnea (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), in seed corn production

In recent years, grape colaspis, Colaspis brunnea (F.), larvae have caused significant injury to seed corn by feeding on the surface of the root, denuding it of root hairs. This study tested two management techniques for C. brunnea in seed corn. The first objective was to test the efficacy of commercially available insecticides, specifically neonicotinoid seed treatments, in protecting commercial seed corn from C. brunnea larval injury. The results of this study showed insecticides offer protection to the seedling corn from C. brunnea larvae; however, no insecticide treatment significantly outperformed any other. The second objective was to develop and test the use of using foliar-applied insecticides to reduce adult C. brunnea populations and subsequently reduce larval populations. One or two applications of insecticides were found to significantly reduce adult and larval C. brunnea populations

Observations of First Occurrence and Severity of Potato Leafhopper, \u3ci\u3eEmpoasca Fabae\u3c/i\u3e (Harris), (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in the North Central and Eastern United States.

This paper presents available data on the first occurrence dates and the damage severity of the potato leafhopper in the north central and north eastern United States collected during the past 47 years (1951-1997). The data were collected from a variety of sources including: potato leafhopper literature review; published reports; pest alerts; pest surveys; and delphi surveys. First occurrence and severity data show that the arrival time of potato leafhopper and subsequent damage severity varies substantially from year to year. A correlation analysis between date of first occurrence and severity of damage for Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, the north central region and the northeastern region indicated no significant relationship between first arrival dates and damage severity. The lack of a relationship between the time of arrival of the migrant leafhopper and severity indicate that other factors, including frequency and magnitude of arrivals, weather conditions during the growing season and crop management contribute to the eventual severity of damage caused to crops by this migratory pest. The analysis of potato leafhopper severity data showed significant differences between years. There were no significant differences in severity among states within the north central region, indicating that potato leafhopper severity is a regional phenomenon

Intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer in zwitterionic quinolinium dyes - Experimental and theoretical studies

Quinolinium cations and quinolinium betaines were investigated in the representative solvents water and acetonitrile at room temperature using stationary and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (Single-Photon-Counting-method). Experimental results reveal that sulfoalkyl- and carboxyalkyl-quinolinium compounds display a strikingly different behavior in the two solvents. Furthermore, the fluorescence lifetime depends on the length of the spacer for the sulfoalkyl compounds in acetonitrile and the carboxyalkyl compounds in water, respectively. This suggests an intramolecular interaction of the anionic headgroups with the quinolinium system in the excited state. To support this idea. different positions at the chromophore are substituted by a methylgroup in order to perturb the proposed interaction. With the intention to understand the dynamics of the postulated photoinduced electron transfer from the anionic group onto the excited quinolinium chromophore, semiempirical quantum chemical calculations were performed on the species using the PM3 hamiltonian including solvent effects by a self consistent reaction field (SCRF). We show that the Marcus theory of electron transfer may serve as a theoretical basis for a natural interpretation of the dynamic fluorescence quenching behavior

Grape colaspis found in central Iowa

The grape colaspis is a root-feeding pest of crops, occasionally injuring corn. Historically in Iowa, it was a pest in crop rotations where corn followed red clover. As Iowa agriculture placed a greater emphasis on row crops (primarily corn and soybean), the incidence of grape colaspis infestations declined. However, in recent years (since 1999) the grape colaspis has reemerged in modern crop rotations causing damage to corn following soybeans. Significant populations in seed corn and commercial corn following seed corn have been observed in central Iowa

Rotation-Resistant Corn Rootworms 2006

Corn rootworms have been, and in many cases still can be, managed with crop rotations. However, some populations of both northern and western corn rootworms (CRWs) have adapted to the com-soybean rotation. Regular, annual rotations between corn and soybeans have selected for a variant of the northern CRW that has a two-year life cycle, referred to as extended diapause. Female northern CRWs deposit eggs in the soil within cornfields. When the field is rotated to soybean the next year, most eggs hatch and the larvae starve. However, a portion of the eggs remain dormant in the soil for a second winter and do not hatch until the following spring when corn is planted back into the field resulting in damage to the rotated corn. Extended-diapause northern CRWs originally caused severe injury to rotated corn in NW Iowa, SW Minnesota, SE South Dakota, and NE Nebraska during the late 1980s. Since then their range has expanded until it is now found throughout most of Iowa. South Dakota has estimated that nearly 50% of their northern CRWs are the extended-diapause variant

Grape colaspis damage occurring in central Iowa

With the dry weather over parts of the state, grape colaspis feeding has manifested itself as visible injury to corn (stunting, wilting, and discoloration). Without rain, the injury may result in stand loss in seed corn fields in central Iowa. The actual population of grape colaspis larvae does not appear to be higher than those observed in previous years. The lack of moisture is probably the factor that has allowed the symptoms to appear