El patrocinio sostenible en el atletismo: La visión de los atletas

El presente trabajo trata de afrontar el concepto de la sostenibilidad desde una perspectiva histórica, teórica y práctica, analizando sus numerosas interpretaciones. Se examina desde como las diferentes civilizaciones y épocas han entendido y aplicado la sostenibilidad, desde prácticas ancestrales hasta enfoques modernos. El análisis se centra en la percepción de los atletas del concepto sostenibilidad desde sus marcas patrocinadoras. La investigación analiza los desafíos propios a la gestión de recursos de las marcas dentro de lo que es el sistema socioeconómico y ecológico, basándose en primer lugar en la comprensión de los términos principales, sostenibilidad, patrocinio deportivo, greenvertising y greenwasing, seguido de la elaboración de un cuestionario y entrevistas en profundidad, los cuales han servido para la comprensión de la visión que tienen los atletas en cuanto a si consideran que las marcas que les patrocinan trabajan de manera sostenible o no. El estudio a su vez analiza los desafíos a los que se enfrentan las marcas dentro de los sistemas socioeconómicos y ecológicos. Subrayando la necesidad de enfoques tecnológicos y económicos que minimicen los efectos de la degradación ambiental. Las conclusiones del trabajo se centran en verificar la hipótesis principal planteada y destacan la importancia de adoptar un enfoque equilibrado entre la sostenibilidad en las marcas dentro del atletismo como deporte.Grado en Publicidad y Relaciones Pública

Pedagogical innovation and the development of 21st century skills and sustainable development in the teaching and learning of life and earth sciences in Morocco

The world of education in the 21st century is undergoing transformations that affect teaching methods and learning styles. The Moroccan education system is at the heart of this movement, demonstrating its will and institutional commitment through the pedagogical integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) into the teaching-learning process. However, a number of studies have shown that this integration into learning and assessment activities in life and earth sciences (LES) remains very weak, if not absent, in qualifying secondary and college education. To pedagogically innovate teaching practice in LES, our research comes to help teachers and innovative designers conceive digital resources to develop 21st century skills in LES. To meet the objective of our research, a questionnaire was drawn up and sent to 200 teachers in the various regional education and training academies of the Kingdom of Morocco. Analysis of the results showed that teachers’ awareness of these skills in general, and those specific to LES in particular, was moderate and that in-service and pre-service teacher training, the design of multi-level and multi-type digital resources, and curriculum reform are very important elements in reinforcing 21st century skills in the digital teaching-learning of LES

Selection of the appropriate method for the assessment of insulin resistance

Insulin resistance is one of the major aggravating factors for metabolic syndrome. There are many methods available for estimation of insulin resistance which range from complex techniques down to simple indices. For all methods of assessing insulin resistance it is essential that their validity and reliability is established before using them as investigations. The reference techniques of hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp and its alternative the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test are the most reliable methods available for estimating insulin resistance. However, many simple methods, from which indices can be derived, have been assessed and validated e.g. homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Given the increasing number of simple indices of IR it may be difficult for clinicians and researchers to select the most appropriate index for their studies. This review therefore provides guidelines and advices which must be considered before proceeding with a study

Selection of the appropriate method for the assessment of insulin resistance.

Insulin resistance is one of the major aggravating factors for metabolic syndrome. There are many methods available for estimation of insulin resistance which range from complex techniques down to simple indices. For all methods of assessing insulin resistance it is essential that their validity and reliability is established before using them as investigations. The reference techniques of hyperinsulinaemic euglycaemic clamp and its alternative the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test are the most reliable methods available for estimating insulin resistance. However, many simple methods, from which indices can be derived, have been assessed and validated e.g. homeostasis model assessment (HOMA), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI). Given the increasing number of simple indices of IR it may be difficult for clinicians and researchers to select the most appropriate index for their studies. This review therefore provides guidelines and advices which must be considered before proceeding with a study

Correlation between physical activity, eating behavior and obesity among Sudanese medical students Sudan

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a major health problem. Prevalence is increasing hugely. Various etiological factors had been identified as potential causes of obesity. There is an increasing need to study different determinants of obesity especially the physical activity and eating habits. Future doctors considered as role models in community. Doctor wellbeing’s does not just affect them it has robust impact on their surroundings. More knowledge about determinants of obesity among medical students may shed light concerning obesity prevention and control. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationships between physical activity, eating patterns, and obesity among medical students. Methods This was a cross sectional study conducted among 216 medical students at Al-Neelain University selected by stratified random sampling. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaire, which included background data. International physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to determine physical activity level and the three factors eating questionnaire Revised 18 (TFEQ-r18) was used to determine eating behavior. Also, anthropometric measurements were performed for each participant. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 program. Descriptive data were presented as means ± SD and percentages. The relationships between BMI and physical activity levels and between BMI and eating pattern were analysed using non parametric test. P value < 0.05 was considered significant. . Results The prevalence of obesity among students was 6.5% and overweight was 22.2%. The study showed that 44.9% of medical students had low activity level while 32% of students had moderate activity level and 23.1% had high physical activity level. There was no significant relationship between physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in this study. The common eating pattern among students was controlled eating (45.8%). There was significant relationship between eating behaviors and BMI (P = 0.01). Conclusion The study revealed eating habits has stronger impact on BMI than physical activity. Disturbing figures regarding overweight and low physical activity among medical students, identified in this study, encourages implementation of health programs. Emphasize on importance and benefits of physical activity and eating habits in medical curricula

Gum Arabic Fibers Decreased Inflammatory Markers and Disease Severity Score among Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients, Phase II Trial

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is autoimmune inflammatory disease that attacks the synovium of the joints. Both TNFa and interleukin-1 play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of RA. Gum Arabic (GA) is gummy exudates from Acacia senegal tree. Gum Arabic fermentation by colonic bacteria increases serum butyrate concentrations, so it is considered as prebiotic agent. Gum Arabic (GA) has anti-inflammatory activity through its derivative butyrate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study conducted to investigate GA intake on inflammatory markers among RA patients. Patients and Methods. This is clinical trial phase II in which 40 patients were enrolled aged 18 to 70 years. Patients received 30g/day GA for 12 weeks. TNF α, ESR, and complete blood count were measured and DAS-28 was calculated before and after regular GA consumption. Study was approved by the Ethical committee of National Medicines and Poisons Board. Results. This study showed significant decrease in level of serum TNF α (p value 0.05) [95% CI, 0.65 -16.5], ESR (p value 0.011) [95% CI, 2.6 -18.89], and number of swollen and tender joints in RA patients after 12 weeks of GA intake which reflected as significant decrease in disease severity score DAS 28 P.V:0.00 [95% CI, 1.25 -1.99]. On the other hand, GA had trivial change in blood indices. Conclusion. Gum Arabic has favorable immune modulator effect on rheumatoid arthritis. It can be utilized in clinical practice as adjuvant therapy. Trial Registration. This trial was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02804581 Registered at 19 June 2016, prospective registration

Les ressources numériques pour développer les compétences du 21

Enseigner à l’ère du 21ème siècle qui est l’ère du numérique place l’école en tant qu’institution de socialisation devant le défi d’intégrer les compétences du 21ème siècle dans les pratiques d’enseignement-apprentissage en utilisant toutes les potentialités des technologies d’information et de communication (TIC) et développer ainsi des ressources numériques pédagogiques adaptées et rénovantes, en effet plusieurs recherches ont montrés que cette intégration dans les actes d’apprentissage ou d’évaluation en Sciences de la Vie et de la Terre (SVT) restent très faibles voire absente dans l’enseignement secondaire qualifiant et collégial au Maroc. Et pour innover pédagogiquement la pratique enseignante en SVT, notre recherche vient pour apporter de l’aide aux enseignant(e)s et les concepteurs innovateurs à concevoir des ressources numériques pour développer les compétences du 21éme siècle selon un schéma directeur. Pour répondre à l’objectif de notre recherche, un questionnaire a été élaboré et adressé à 200 enseignants(e)s des différents académies régionales de l’éducation et de la formation du royaume au Maroc. L’analyse des résultats obtenus a montré que le degré de conscience des enseignants à propos de ces compétences en général et celles spécifiques des SVT était moyen. Et que la formation continue et initiale des enseignants, la conception des ressources numériques à multi niveau et multi type, la réforme du curriculum sont quelques éléments très importants pour développer ce type de compétences dans l’enseignementapprentissage des SVT en exploitant tout le potentiel des TICE