Determining the standard levels of some morphological and physiological requirements as an indicator for the selection of defenders in the Algerian football U19

This study aims to identify the most important morpho-functional measures and determinants through standards and tests and their relationship with the selection of football players under the age of 19 in the defensive position, so that coaches can realize the true value throughthis study and correct the previous mistakes based on observation and matches and their distance from the side for the selection of players whose results are certain and guaranteed. We first assumed that the level of morphological criteria of defensive players is characterized by an average level, on the other hand, that the level of physiological criteria is characterized by an average level, and for the purposes of investigation of the hypotheses, we have selected a sample composed of 90 defenders from different defensive positions representing 10 clubs active at the level of the Algerian first and second division (class under 19 years old) for football for the 2022/2023 sports season. They were chosen deliberately, and for this we used the descriptive approach, through which we collected data using the physical measurements necessary to determine morphological indicators (height, weight, mass index, musculoskeletal system and physiological tests, then statistical processing of the data). The research yielded the following results: The levels of defensive players (axial - right and left wingers) in measurement of height, weight, muscle mass index, shows the levels in favor of the good level and the average level compared to the physiological criteria. That is why we have recommended the use of physical measurements and physico- physiological tests during the selection and even in the orientation according to the play centers, in particular the lengths and the components of the body style and the preparation of training programs based on scientific bases and paying attention to young groups of young people at all levels

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL ABILITIES ACCORDING TO THESE LINES OF PLAY (DEFENSE, MIDFIELD, ATTACK) DURING THE FOOTBALL COMPETITION PHASE

In this research, under the title of “Comparative study of some physiological abilities according to these lines of play (defense - center and attack) for football players under the age of 17”, we tried hard to detect the differences of some physiological capacities. Consequently, we suggested two hypotheses which are: 1) there are many differences in some physiological capacities according to the lines of playing, and 2) the competition has effects on some physiological capacities of football players according to the lines of playing. Therefore, to confirm the validity of the hypothesis or deny it, we as researchers, conducted a descriptive method on a sample consisted of 15 players from the youth team of Tiaret where the sample was chosen intentionally and in the light of the theoretical and the field study, in which we identified the research tools, which were the functional tests, and also through the scientific foundations (validity, constancy, and objectivity). The results of the study revealed many  differences in some physiological abilities by playing lines (defense - center - attack) and resulted in that competition affects positively on some physical capacities according to these lines  (defense, center and  attack). The most important recommendations were to generalize the results of this study to the rest of the other states. This is in order to increase the confirmation and validity of the results obtained. Also, in view of the objectives of the study and its results, appears a need for further studies that deal with physical capacities that reflect an important factor in the planning of sound training programs and implemented during a competitive phase.    Article visualizations

Development of some aerobic and anaerobic indicators in under-21 footballers using hypoxic training mask during the physical preparation period

This study aims to identify the effect of a training program using the hypoxic training mask on certain aerobic capacities (VMA, VO2max), on the effectiveness of the repetition rate (RSA), and on the explosive power of football players. The sample was deliberately selected and included 20 football players under the age of 21 from the Tiaret youth team, which plays in the second professional division. A total of 10 players were assigned to a control group and the other 10 players to an experimental group. The research used a series of physical tests that included VMA/VO2max intermittent yo-yo tests and RSA repetition rate efficiency tests, in addition to the explosive force tests using the MYOTEST device. The same training program was applied to the experimental and control groups, with the first one using the mask for 8 weeks. The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental and control groups in the measurement of aerobic and anaerobic capacities in favor of the experimental group, who wears the hypoxic mask. This underlines the importance of using modern technological means in the process of physical preparation and raising the level and efficiency of the players to reach the highest levels of achievement

Development of some aerobic and anaerobic indicators in under-21 footballers using hypoxic training mask during the physical preparation period

This study aims to identify the effect of a training program using the hypoxic training mask on certain aerobic capacities (VMA, VO2max), on the effectiveness of the repetition rate (RSA), and on the explosive power of football players. The sample was deliberately selected and included 20 football players under the age of 21 from the Tiaret youth team, which plays in the second professional division. A total of 10 players were assigned to a control group and the other 10 players to an experimental group. The research used a series of physical tests that included VMA/VO2max intermittent yo-yo tests and RSA repetition rate efficiency tests, in addition to the explosive force tests using the MYOTEST device. The same training program was applied to the experimental and control groups, with the first one using the mask for 8 weeks. The study concluded that there are statistically significant differences in the pre- and post-measurement of the experimental and control groups in the measurement of aerobic and anaerobic capacities in favor of the experimental group, who wears the hypoxic mask. This underlines the importance of using modern technological means in the process of physical preparation and raising the level and efficiency of the players to reach the highest levels of achievement

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF REDUCED GAMES AND HIGH-INTENSITY INTERMITTENT EXERCISE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF VO2 MAX AND THE VMA

The study aims at comparing each of the mini-games and high-intensity intermittent exercise in order to figure out which of the two methods that most developing the aerobic capabilities (VO2max-VMA), using the experimental approach through proposing two training programs, each program consists of 8 weeks, by two training sessions each week. The size of each share ranged from 90 to 120 minutes, the programs conducted on a sample consisted of 36 players, divided into 18 players from the WABT team and 18 players from the USBT team. It has also been relying on research tools that are in line with the nature and objectives of the study. Physical tests that have been tested validity of the scoping study. They involved 10 players (5 from WABT team, and 5 from the USBT team), without involving the members of the scoping study in the basic study. All of these steps have led to discharging a set of results that have been analyzed and processed statistically to reach at the latter to the following results: No statistical significance between the two groups in pre- tests. There are similarities between the two methods in the development of an aerobic capacity (VMA et VO2max). There is no statistical significance in the post tests between the two groups. After comparing the results of pre and post tests within each group, we concluded the extent of the contribution of each of the two programs in the development of aerobic capacities. All these results prompted us to develop a set of suggestions: The organization of forums and special days of formation of modern requirements in football means and methods especially from the physical trainers. Proposing the use of both the high-intensity intermittent exercise way and mini-games during the various stages of the annual planning, especially in the preparation stage and competition stage