B-alphaWSP Selection Algorithm: a Load Balancing Convergecast forWSNs

Many-to-one is a common traffic pattern in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), where nodes periodically forward data hop by hop to a single sink. Unfortunately, such communication pattern leads to lose nodes prematurely, especially those located in the sink neighborhood. That phenomenon is essentially due to the high load transit on these nodes, causing a spuriously activation rate comparing to other nodes therefore more energy waste. This is called the funneling effect, which causes also other issues including high delay and packet loss due to the congestion, and collisions. The objective of this work is to reduce the impact of this phenomenon by employing a load-balancing technique in the route selection process. Therefore, we propose the B-éWSP (Balanced-éWeighted Shortest Path) routing algorithm. Simulation results show that our algorithm can effectively reduce the impact of the funneling effect on the nodes activity. Consequently, it reduces the energy consumption and maintains a satisfactory Packet Reception Rate (PRR) comparing to the éWSP algorithm

Mémoire d’un lieu dans Tlemcen ou les lieux de l’écriture de Mohammed Dib

Dans Tlemcen ou les lieux de l’écriture, photographies et texte témoignent de l’histoire des lieux d’enfance et de jeunesse de Mohammed Dib. Ces lieux originels, disparus ou métamorphosés à jamais que Dib a ressuscités à travers une écriture mnémonique racontent le vécu de toute une génération de Tlemceniens. Le présent travail voudrait mettre en lumière les différents procédés textuels que Mohammed Dib a déployés dans son récit afin de restituer la mémoire d’un seul et unique lieu, sa ville natale, Tlemcen. Noms de lieux, indications temporelles, souvenirs personnels et collectifs ont contribué à attester la véridicité des faits racontés. En se remémorant les moindres détails de son passé, Dib manifeste une volonté de le revivre. Ainsi, le retour aux origines traduit une quête de soi qu’il exprime implicitement dans son texte.In Tlemcen or the places of writing, photographs and text bear witness to the story of Mohammed Dib’s childhood and youth places. These original places, disappeared or metamorphosed forever that Dib has resuscitated through mnemonic writing tell the story of a whole generation, that of the Tlemcenians. The present work would highlight the various textual processes that Mohammed Dib has deployed in his story to restore the memory of a single place, his hometown, Tlemcen. Names of places, temporal indications, personal and collective memories contributed to attest the veracity of the facts narrated. By remembering the slightest details of his past, Dib shows a desire to revive him. Thus, the return to origins reflects a quest for self that he expresses implicitly in his text

Impact of Duty-Cycling: Towards Mostly-Off Sensor Networks

International audienceWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) became omnipresent in our daily life. As a result, they have emerged as a fruitful research topic, because of their advantages, especially their low cost and easy deployment. However, these attractive merits imply that available resources, especially energy, in each sensor node have to be wisely used through different network dynamics. Besides other techniques, duty-cycling (DC) is the first widely used one to save energy in WSNs. However, due to the continuous changes, mainly in the energy availability, the nodes have to operate in a very low DC which is a required strategy in many applications in order to keep the network operational. This article presents a detailed survey that provides an interesting view of different DC schemes that are proposed to tackle the specific WSN challenges, and it also gives a novel classification of DC schemes that includes the most recent techniques. The last part aims to investigate the impact of the low DC on both the network and the application layer