31 research outputs found
Polyphenols: A concise overview on the chemistry, occurrence, and human health
This review gives an updated picture of each class of phenolic compounds and their properties. The most common classification implies the subdivision of phenolics in two main groups: flavonoids (e.g., anthocyanins, flavanols, flavanones, flavonols, flavonones, and isoflavones) and non-flavonoids (e.g., phenolic acids, xanthones, stilbens, lignans, and tannins) polyphenols. The great interest in polyphenols is associated with their high potential application for food preservation and for therapeutic beneficial use. The relationship between polyphenol intake and human health has been exploited with special reference to cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, diabetes, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cancer. The use of current existing databases of bioactive compounds including polyphenols is described as key tools for human health research.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Some determinants of fertility among Banyankole : findings of the Ankole fertility survey
Co-published with IDR
Antimicrobial activity and preliminary phytochemical screening of Turraea heterophylla and Terminalia glaucescens used in Togo ethnomedecine to treat common infections
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
A Recent Update Of Schistomiasis Mansoni Endemicity Around Lake Rweru
Background: Schistosomiasis remains a global public health challenge
with an estimated 200 million cases reported each year. In Rwanda, the
prevalence of schistosomiasis was recently examined by a countrywide
mapping conducted by the Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD) Control
Programme of the Rwandan Ministry of Health in partnership with The
Access Project. Unfortunately, that study failed to consider one area
of endemicity -- Lake Rweru, located in Bugesera District, Eastern
Province, Rwanda. This screening aimed to evaluate Lake Rweru and its
environs in order to determine next steps for disease control. Methods:
The lakeâs shore inhabitants, including children and adults, were
invited to be screened for intestinal schistosomiasis. The stool
examination was performed by Kato-Katz technique. Results: A total of
270 children and adults were parasitologically screened. Fifty seven
(57) cases of schistosomiasis mansoni were confirmed (21.1%). The
highest proportion of S. mansoni infection was observed at Mazane
Island (30.1% of 93 island inhabitants screened). Conclusion: The
present results confirm that Lake Rweru is a significant source of S.
mansoni infection in the country. We recommend further future
investigations in order to know the true disease prevalence. While the
mass de-worming campaign against schistosomiasis in addition to
soil-transmitted helminthiasis is being regularly conducted by the
Ministry of Health in all endemic areas, the population surrounding
Lake Rweru should receive special attention.Contexte: La schistosomiase demeure un problĂšme important de
santé publique globalement avec environ 200 millions de cas
rapportés chaque année. Au Rwanda, la situation de la
schistosomiase a été récemment mise à jour par une
cartographie nationale conduite par le Programme de ContrĂŽle des
Maladies Tropicales Négligées (MTN) du MinistÚre de la
Santé en collaboration avec The Access Project. Cependant, le lac
Rweru situĂ© dans le District de Bugesera, Province de lâEst,
Rwanda, a été incorrectement manqué parmi les foyers les
plus endĂ©miques. Lâinvestigation visait Ă confirmer le
foyer afin de déterminer de prochaines étapes pour le
contrĂŽle de lâinfestation Ă Schistosoma mansoni.
MĂ©thodes: La population habitant aux alentours du lac Rweru
comprenant des enfants et des adultes a été invitée
Ă fournir leurs Ă©chantillons de selles en vue
dâĂȘtre examinĂ©s pour la schistosomiase intestinale.
Lâexamen de selles a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© par la
technique de Kato-Katz. RĂ©sultats: Un total de 270 individus (des
enfants et des adultes) ont été examinés
parasitologiquement. Cinquante-sept (57) cas de schistosomiase mansoni
ont été confirmés (21.1%). On a observé la
proportion la plus Ă©levĂ©e de lâinfection Ă S.
mansoni Ă lâĂźle de Mazane (30.1% de 93 habitants
insulaires testés). Conclusion: Les résultats actuels
confirment que le lac Rweru est une source importante de S. mansoni
dans le pays. Nous recommandons des enquĂȘtes postĂ©rieures
afin de connaßtre la vraie prévalence de la maladie dans
cette zone. Pendant que la campagne de déparasitage de masse
contre la schistosomiase en plus des géo-helminthiases est
réguliÚrement organisée par le MinistÚre de la
Santé dans toutes les zones endémiques, la population
environnant le lac Rweru devrait recevoir une attention
particuliĂšre
Polyparasite Helminth infections and their association to anaemia and undernutrition in Northern Rwanda
Abstract Background Intestinal schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections constitute major public health problems in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa. In this study we examined the functional significance of such polyparasite infections in anemia and undernutrition in Rwandan individuals. Methods Three polyparasite infection profiles were defined, in addition to a reference profile that consisted of either no infections or low-intensity infection with only one of the focal parasite species. Logistic regression models were applied to data of 1,605 individuals from 6 schools in 2 districts of the Northern Province before chemotherapeutic treatment in order to correctly identify individuals who were at higher odds of being anaemic and/or undernourished. Findings Stunted relative to nonstunted, and males compared to females, were found to be at higher odds of being anaemic independently of polyparasite infection profile. The odds of being wasted were 2-fold greater for children with concurrent infection of at least 2 parasites at M+ intensity compared to those children with the reference profile. Males compared to females and anaemic compared to nonanaemic children were significantly more likely to be stunted. None of the three polyparasite infection profiles were found to have significant effects on stunting. Conclusion The present data suggest that the levels of polyparasitism, and infection intensities in the Rwandan individuals examined here may be lower as compared to other recent similar epidemiological studies in different regions across sub-Saharan Africa. Neither the odds of anaemia nor the odds of stunting were found to be significantly different in the three-polyparasite infection profiles. However, the odds of wasting were higher in those children with at least two parasites at M+ intensity compared to those children with the reference profile. Nevertheless, despite the low morbidity levels indicated in the population under study here, we recommend sustainable efforts for the deworming of affected populations to be continued in order to support the economic development of the country
Nationwide remapping of Schistosoma mansoni infection in Rwanda using circulating cathodic antigen rapid test: taking steps toward elimination
The field standard for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection is Kato-Katz (KK), although it misses many active infections, especially light infections. In 2014, a reassessment of S. mansoni prevalence was conducted in Rwanda using the more sensitive point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) rapid assay. A total of 19,371 children from 399 schools were selected for testing for single urine CCA. Of these, 8,697 children from 175 schools were also tested with single stool double-slide KK. Samples from eight of these 175 schools were tested again with CCA and additionally with the highly specific and sensitive up-converting phosphor-lateral flow circulating anodic antigen (UCP-LF CAA) assay. Latent class analysis was applied to all four test results to assess sensitivity and specificity of POC-CCA and estimate the proportion of trace results from Rwanda likely to be true infections. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection in Rwanda when CCA trace results were considered negative was 7.4% (school interquartile range [IQR] 0-8%) and 36.1 % (school IQR 20-47%) when trace was considered positive. Prevalence by KK was 2.0% with a mean intensity of infection of 1.66 eggs per gram. The proportion of active infections among children diagnosed with CCA trace was estimated by statistical analysis at 61 % (Bayesian credibility interval: 50-72%). These results indicate that S. mansoni infection is still widespread in Rwanda and prevalence is much underestimated by KK testing. Circulating cathodic antigen is an affordable alternative to KK and more suitable for measuring S. mansoni prevalence in low-intensity regions
Nationwide Remapping of Schistosoma mansoni Infection in Rwanda Using Circulating Cathodic Antigen Rapid Test: Taking Steps toward Elimination
The field standard for the detection of Schistosoma mansoni infection is KatoâKatz (KK), although it misses many active infections, especially light infections. In 2014, a reassessment of S. mansoni prevalence was conducted in Rwanda using the more sensitive point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) rapid assay. A total of 19,371 children from 399 schools were selected for testing for single urine CCA. Of these, 8,697 children from 175 schools were also tested with single stool double-slide KK. Samples from eight of these 175 schools were tested again with CCA and additionally with the highly specific and sensitive up-converting phosphor-lateral flow circulating anodic antigen (UCP-LF CAA) assay. Latent class analysis was applied to all four test results to assess sensitivity and specificity of POC-CCA and estimate the proportion of trace results from Rwanda likely to be true infections. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection in Rwanda when CCA trace results were considered negative was 7.4% (school interquartile range [IQR] 0â8%) and 36.1% (school IQR 20â47%) when trace was considered positive. Prevalence by KK was 2.0% with a mean intensity of infection of 1.66 eggs per gram. The proportion of active infections among children diagnosed with CCA trace was estimated by statistical analysis at 61% (Bayesian credibility interval: 50â72%). These results indicate that S. mansoni infection is still widespread in Rwanda and prevalence is much underestimated by KK testing. Circulating cathodic antigen is an affordable alternative to KK and more suitable for measuring S. mansoni prevalence in low-intensity regions