THE EFFECT OF MATHEMATIZATION ACTIVITIES PERFORMED IN THE INFORMAL LEARNING ENVIRONMENTS ON THE OPINIONS OF GIFTED STUDENTS ON MATHEMATICS DISCIPLINE

The main purpose of this research is to create an educational environment including real mathematical problems that can be solved through the interdisciplinary approach and inductive methods and to examine the change brought about by this environment in terms of the opinions and perspectives of special talented students related to the mathematics discipline. The study was conducted in Kayseri Province through the project “Mathematics Energising in Nature and Structures” supported within the context of Nature Education and Science Schools Support Program of Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (STRCT). The study group of this research is composed of 35 special talented students (22 males, 13 females) going on the project education at 9th and 10th grade in the science and art centre (SAC) in Ankara province during 2017-2018 academic year. In this study, the case study method, one of the qualitative research approaches, was used so as to examine the opinions of the students before and after the project process. Pre-interview through the semi-structured interview form before the project period and post-interview after the project period were conducted to the students in the study, and the data obtained about how the students were affected by the case were analysed. Upon the practice, it was determined that there were some findings indicating that it enabled the students to associate mathematics with the other disciplines and real life. It was concluded that the scientific activities carried out in informal learning environments significantly increased the attitudes of the students attending the science camp towards the science after the practice when compared to case before the practice, and that these activities also brought about positive changes in the perspectives of the students on science, scientific knowledge, and scientific environments.  Article visualizations

siRNA’nın biyodağılımına kitozan komplekslerinin etkisi

Amaç: RNAi kanser dahil olmak üzere birçok hastalığın moleküler mekanizmasının analizinde ve gen susturulmasında hücresel proseslerin kontrolü için önemli bir araçtır. VEGF sinyali meme kanserinde siRNA taşınmasında önemli bir hedeftir. siRNA farklı hastalıklar için potansiyel bir ajan olmasına rağmen, siRNA’nın intrasellüler taşınması, terapötik olarak aktif bir moleküle dönüşmesindeki önemli engellerden biridir. Bugüne kadar birçok transfeksiyon yöntemi ve taşıyıcı sistem geliştirilmiştir. Bunlar arasında kitozan, biyouyumlu, biyoparçalanabilir olması, toksik ve immunojenik olmaması gibi özellikleri nedeniyle önemli bir gen taşıyıcısıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, meme kanserinde kitozan/VEGF-siRNA komplekslerinin tümör lokalizasyonunu ve biyodağılımını araştırmaktır. Yöntem: Çalışmamızda meme tümörü taşıyan sıçanlara serbest FITC-işaretli siVEGF (40 µg/sıçan) ve kitozan/ FITC-işaretli siVEGF (40 µg/sıçan) kompleksleri intravenöz olarak enjekte edildi. Bulgular: Kitozan/siVEGF komplekslerinin beyin ve kalbe biyodağılımı, serbest siVEGF ile hemen hemen benzerken, dalak, karaciğer, akciğer ve kasta biraz daha düşük ve böbrekte ise biraz daha yüksektir. Meme tümör dokusunda, kompleksler enjeksiyon sonrası 15 dakikada tümörde lokalize iken, serbest FITC-siVEGF tümör dokusunda lokalize değildir. Sonuç: Bu ön çalışmada, biz biyodağılım için VEGF siRNA taşıyıcı sistem olarak kitozanın umut verici olduğunu gösterdik

Evaluation of Vascular Involvement in Children with Celiac Disease

Aim:Celiac disease is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease due to inflammation and autoimmunity involved in its pathophysiology. We aimed to evaluate vascular involvement in children with celiac disease based on their augmentation index, carotid pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, echocardiographic findings, and blood pressure.Materials and Methods:This cross-sectional and controlled study was performed at a single center between 2018 and 2019. The study population consisted of 44 patients with celiac disease who had been on a gluten-free diet for at least one year.Results:We compared celiac patients with a healthy group. While the celiac patients had significantly higher carotid intima media thickness and carotid pulse wave velocity values, there was no difference in the augmentation index values. There was no significant difference in carotid artery intimal medial thickness, augmentation index and carotid pulse wave velocity values between the diet-compliant and non-compliant groups.Conclusion:Although hypertension was not detected, arterial stiffness and carotid intima media thickness measurements were higher in the celiac disease patients compared to the healthy controls. This showed that these parameters can be used in early vascular damage assessment. These measurements, which are non-invasive and repeatable, can be a guide for the monitoring of the development of preclinical atherosclerosis in the follow-up of the pediatric patients diagnosed with celiac disease

Prior therapies as prognostic factors of overall survival in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients treated with [177Lu] Lu-PSMA-617. A WARMTH multicenter study (the 617 trial)

Please read abstract in the article.This article is part of the Topical Collection on Oncology - GenitourinaryOpen Access funding provided by Projekt DEAL.http://link.springer.com/journal/259am2021Nuclear Medicin

High-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis for identification of in vitro and in vivo metabolites of 4-phenethyl-5-[4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5dimethyl-4-pyrazolylazo)phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione in rats

All azo colorants whose metabolism can liberate a carcinogenic arylamine, are suspected of having carcinogenic potential. Therefore, a new azo compound 4-phenethyl-5-[4-(1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,5-dimethyl-4-pyrazolylazo)phenyl]-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (substrate) was prepared to investigate its in vitro and in vivo biotransformation in rats by HPLC. Chromatographic separation of substrate and its metabolites was performed using a Chromasil C-18 column. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and water in a linear gradient system. From the biotransformation of this compound, the reduction metabolite 4-(2-phenethyl)-5-(4-aminophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione was identified by comparing it to reference standard by HPLC-DAD. In the in vivo study, identification of the unknown peak which was the N-acetylation metabolite was confirmed by LC-MS spectrometry. Besides this, the azo compound was reduced to its corresponding amine in intestinal and cytosolic parts. In addition, oxidation of the methyl group and the phenyl ring, and reduction of azo group to hydrazo were identified in the cytosolic part using LC-MS. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Effect of tadalafil on penile nitric oxide synthase and corporal smooth muscle in rats under dutasteride treatment

Aim: To investigate the effect of tadalafil in rats administered with daily dutasteride. Methods: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were allocated to three groups as control (group C), dutasteride (group D) and dutasteride plus tadalafil (group D + T). After a month of treatment, serum samples were obtained from rats to measure dihydrotestosterone and total testosterone. Nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS) immunoreactivity and levels of NOS enzyme isoforms, NO and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) were evaluated in the harvested penile tissues. Also, corporal smooth muscle and collagen were examined. Results: Staining intensities of neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS were significantly lower in group D (p .05). Group D and group D + T had significantly decreased dihydrotestosterone and increased testosterone, compared to group C (p < .001). They were similar between group D and group D + T. Conclusion: Daily treatment with tadalafil improves dutasteride-induced changes in rat penis

Tadalafil Preserves Penile Nitric Oxide Synthase from Detrimental Effect of Paroxetine in Rats

Objective: Paroxetine is a commonly prescribed SSRI that can impair erectile function in animal models via inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Tadalafil potentiates nitric oxide (NO)-mediated responses in isolated trabecular smooth muscle and penile erection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of co-administering tadalafil with paroxetine on penile NOS levels in rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups as control (Group-C), paroxetine (Group-P) and paroxetine plus tadalafil (Group-P+T). After 28 days of treatment, rats were sacrificed and their penile tissues were harvested for analysis. NOS isoform protein levels and immunoreactivity scores of NOS were assessed. Statistical significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Neuronal NOS (nNOS) levels were significantly decreased in group-P, compared with group-C (p<0.001). In comparison, rats in group-P+T had significantly higher nNOS levels compared to group-P (p<0.001). Endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS (iNOS) levels were significantly higher in group-P compared with group-C (p<0.01). The levels of eNOS and iNOS in group-P+T were similar to group-C. Conclusion: Daily treatment with tadalafil prevented chronic paroxetine-induced changes in all three NOS isoform levels. Tadalafil treatment may therefore be a useful therapy in men with paroxetine-associated erectile dysfunction