Stratigraphic Unconformities: Review of the Concept and Examples from the Middle-Upper Paleozoic

Only about 10% of geologic time is imprinted in sedimentary strata and the rest is hidden in non-depositional or erosional surfaces called unconformities. Stratigraphic unconformities (disconformities) are principal bounding surfaces in sequence stratigraphy, which a geologist would easily identify in the outcrop but frequently overlook in the subsurface unless core is available. The proportion of disconformities that are misidentified or overlooked in subsurface stratigraphy is quite large, which puts a warning sign on simplistic sequence stratigraphic models. The amount of time imprinted in disconformities can be evaluated using relative weathering maturity of the subaerial profile, cyclostratigraphic calibration, absolute dating, and biostratigraphy. However, using biostratigraphy alone is never enough as biostratigraphic gaps tend to fill with increasing data coverage. Identification of paleo-vadose zones and subaerial exposure profiles is regarded as critical for finding stratigraphic unconformities and is the only approach in strata where geophysically mappable fluvial systems are absent. Drowning unconformities are carbonate platform drowning surfaces that usually produce distinct reflection horizons and have better stratigraphic value in the subsurface than platform-embedded subaerial unconformities. This discussion is supported by examples of subaerial disconformities from the Devonian, Carboniferous, and Permian of Canada and Russia and with an example of a geographically extensive mid-Devonian drowning unconformity from Northwestern Canada

Criminological Characteristics of Migrant Crimes: Russian and Foreign Practices

Migrants and ever-rising incidences of immigrant crimes tend to be perceived as a serious threat provoking fear and apprehension throughout the world. The current study provides useful insights into immigrant criminality and the ways of its deterrence. However, despite all recent attempts to carry out the scientific assessment of criminological characteristics of the studied social and legal phenomenon there is a strong need for a comprehensive study of foreign scientific literature and practice

Anti-corruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects: formation and content

Objective to define and describe the boundaries specifics of formation and content of anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects. Methods the methodological basis of the study is dialectical materialism and general scientific methods of cognition based on it analysis synthesis comparison grouping and others used in legal sciences. Results the paper investigates the phenomenon of anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects as an interbranch institution of modern Russian anticorruption legislation. The article describes and explains the reasons for the adoption of regional laws governing the procedural issues of the state anticorruption namely the federal legislator delegating the authority to adopt them and the requirements of law enforcement practice. The subject area of legal regulation of the regional anticorruption procedural legislation is highlighted a submission of information about the property status of certain categories of officials and their families b verification of the submitted information c disclosure of information about the property status of certain categories of officials and their families d bringing to legal responsibility of officials for noncompliance with anticorruption requirements including dismissal from office due to loss of confidence. The authors propose their own scientific legal definition of the anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects as an interbranch legal institution. Scientific novelty for the first time in the Russian legal science it is declared about the presence of interbranch institution of anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects its existence is proved its content is described and explained the scientific category ldquoanticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjectsrdquo is developed and proposed. Practical significance the results of the study can be used to systematize and codify the federal and regional anticorruption legislation as well as to lay the theoretical foundations of anticorruption procedural law. It is connected with the possibility to improve the regional legislation regulating the procedural issues of the state anticorruption policy implementation

Forming intolerance to corruption behavior as a judicially undefned legal category and its content

Objective to assess the legal category ldquoformation of intolerance to corrupt behaviorrdquo for compliance with its requirements for legal defnitions. Methods the methodological basis of the study is the dialectical method of cognition and the general scientifc historical logical systemic and specifc scientifc methods grouping analysis synthesis comparison interpretation etc. based on it. Results based on the analysis of federal regional municipal and departmental normative legal acts regulating various aspects of life the author studies the term ldquointolerance to corrupt behaviorrdquo as well as the related and derived legal categories. It was found that the phrase ldquointolerance to corrupt behaviorrdquo is widespread not only in the Russian anticorruption legislation but also in other branches of legislation in different legal meanings which indicates the multivariance of its semantic load i.e. its linguistic uncertainty. It can be argued that the Russian lawmaking bodies violated the principle of the uniformity of legal terminology. To resolve this contradiction this legal category must be replaced with another term corresponding to the sense of anticorruption legislation. The term ldquoanticorruption worldviewrdquo is such a phrase meeting the requirements for legal defnitions. Scientific novelty for the frst time in the Russian legal science it was proved that the phrase ldquointolerance to corrupt behaviorrdquo is not a legally defned legal category. The author makes a proposal to exclude it from the current legislation. Practical significance it is proposed to the legislative bodies of Russia to exclude linguistically undefned term ldquointolerance to corrupt behaviorrdquo from the current Russian legislation and replace it with another more accurate in meaning and content term ndash ldquoanticorruption worldviewrdquo

Classification of anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects

Objective to identify the relationship of regional anticorruption procedural legislation with other branches of legislation for its further improvement. Methods dialectical approach to cognition of social phenomena using general scientific methods of cognition based on it analysis synthesis comparison grouping etc. Results the current anticorruption procedural legislation of the subjects of the Russian Federation is classified on the following grounds status of the Russian Federation subject which adopted the legislative act sector subject of legal regulation and the circle of persons. As a result of the classification the interrelations of the Russian regional anticorruption procedural legislation with the federal and regional state constitutional statutory administrative municipal informational and labor legislation were revealed. nbsp Scientific novelty for the first time in the Russian legal science classification of anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects was carried out which allowed drawing the following conclusions. First the anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects is an intersectoral institution interconnected with various branches of regional legislation state constitutional statutory administrative municipal informational and labor which define its structure and content. Second the proposed classification of the anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects status of the Russian Federation subject which adopted the legislative act sector subject of legal regulation and the circle of persons showed possible criteria and directions of systematization including future codification of this legislation. Third on the basis of the proposed classification of anticorruption procedural legislation of the Russian Federation subjects it is possible to determine the most relevant and practically significant areas of its research in the near future state anticorruption procedural legislation administrative anticorruption procedural legislation municipal anticorruption procedural legislation informational anticorruption procedural legislation and labor anticorruption procedural legislation. Practical significance the research results can be used in lawmaking activities for systematization and codification of the Russian regional anticorruption legislation

The black market of personal data: financial, legal and social aspects

This article touches on the topic of the black market of personal data. The concept of the ”black market of personal data” and the description of its financial, legal and social aspects are considered. The relevance of this topic lies in the fact that offers on the black market have not only not decreased, on the contrary, their number has visibly increased. This article describes the basic rules for the security of personal data storage. Keywords: black market, personal data, user, messenger, darknet, information, database

Synthesis, biological evaluation, X-ray molecular structure and molecular docking studies of RGD mimetics containing 6-amino-2,3-dihydroisoindolin-1-one fragment as ligands of integrin αIIbβ3

AbstractA series of novel RGD mimetics containing phthalimidine fragment was designed and synthesized. Their antiaggregative activity determined by Born’s method was shown to be due to inhibition of fibrinogen binding to αIIbβ3. Molecular docking of RGD mimetics to αIIbβ3 receptor showed the key interactions in this complex, and also some correlations have been observed between values of biological activity and docking scores. The single crystal X-ray data were obtained for five mimetics

Evidence for topological defects in a photoinduced phase transition

Upon excitation with an intense ultrafast laser pulse, a symmetry-broken ground state can undergo a non-equilibrium phase transition through pathways dissimilar from those in thermal equilibrium. Determining the mechanism underlying these photo-induced phase transitions (PIPTs) has been a long-standing issue in the study of condensed matter systems. To this end, we investigate the light-induced melting of a unidirectional charge density wave (CDW) material, LaTe$_3$. Using a suite of time-resolved probes, we independently track the amplitude and phase dynamics of the CDW. We find that a quick ($\sim\,$1$\,$ps) recovery of the CDW amplitude is followed by a slower reestablishment of phase coherence. This longer timescale is dictated by the presence of topological defects: long-range order (LRO) is inhibited and is only restored when the defects annihilate. Our results provide a framework for understanding other PIPTs by identifying the generation of defects as a governing mechanism

Victimological anti-corruption consulting: legal regulation, notion, content, forms and means of implementation

Objective to disclose the content of victimological anticorruption consulting as a special type of professional activity aimed at anticorruption enlightenment. Methods the dialectic approach to cognition of social phenomena predetermined the following research methods analysis synthesis comparison formallegal and comparativelegal methods. Results the bases of legal regulation of victimological anticorruption consulting at regional and municipal levels in some Russian Federation subjects are described. The scientific legal definition of ldquovictimological anticorruption consultingrdquo as one of the main forms of anticorruption enlightenment is developed and proposed. The most common types of victimological anticorruption consulting formal informal and doctrinal are identified described and explained. The basic forms and means of victimological anticorruption consulting at public authorities organizations and institutions are defined. The measures are proposed to improve the legal regulation of victimological anticorruption consulting at regional departmental municipal and local levels. Scientific novelty for the first time in the Russian criminological science the term ldquovictimological anticorruption consultingrdquo was introduced its contents is explained the legal bases of this kind of anticorruption enlightenment are found and described. Practical significance the main provisions and conclusions of the article can be used in scientific educational lawenforcement and legislative activity