109,226 research outputs found
Interfaces for the ordinary user: Can we hide too much?
This is the author's accepted manuscript. The final published article is available from the link below. Copyright @ The Authors 2012.Increasing the visibility and access to underlying file structure on consumer devices can vastly improve the user experience
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Computational predictions of energy materials using density functional theory
In the search for new functional materials, quantum mechanics is an exciting starting point. The fundamental laws that govern the behaviour of electrons have the possibility, at the other end of the scale, to predict the performance of a material for a targeted application. In some cases, this is achievable using density functional theory (DFT). In this Review, we highlight DFT studies predicting energy-related materials that were subsequently confirmed experimentally. The attributes and limitations of DFT for the computational design of materials for lithium-ion batteries, hydrogen production and storage materials, superconductors, photovoltaics and thermoelectric materials are discussed. In the future, we expect that the accuracy of DFT-based methods will continue to improve and that growth in computing power will enable millions of materials to be virtually screened for specific applications. Thus, these examples represent a first glimpse of what may become a routine and integral step in materials discovery
Quantum trajectories for time-dependent adiabatic master equations
We develop a quantum trajectories technique for the unraveling of the quantum
adiabatic master equation in Lindblad form. By evolving a complex state vector
of dimension instead of a complex density matrix of dimension ,
simulations of larger system sizes become feasible. The cost of running many
trajectories, which is required to recover the master equation evolution, can
be minimized by running the trajectories in parallel, making this method
suitable for high performance computing clusters. In general, the trajectories
method can provide up to a factor advantage over directly solving the
master equation. In special cases where only the expectation values of certain
observables are desired, an advantage of up to a factor is possible. We
test the method by demonstrating agreement with direct solution of the quantum
adiabatic master equation for -qubit quantum annealing examples. We also
apply the quantum trajectories method to a -qubit example originally
introduced to demonstrate the role of tunneling in quantum annealing, which is
significantly more time consuming to solve directly using the master equation.
The quantum trajectories method provides insight into individual quantum jump
trajectories and their statistics, thus shedding light on open system quantum
adiabatic evolution beyond the master equation.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure
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