Can Phlorotannins Purified Extracts Constitute a Novel Pharmacological Alternative for Microbial Infections with Associated Inflammatory Conditions?

Bacterial and fungal infections and the emerging multidrug resistance are driving interest in fighting these microorganisms with natural products, which have generally been considered complementary to pharmacological therapies. Phlorotannins are polyphenols restricted to brown seaweeds, recognized for their biological capacity. This study represents the first research on the antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of phlorotannins purified extracts, which were obtained from ten dominant brown seaweeds of the occidental Portuguese coast

<it>Zizyphus lotus </it>L. (Desf.) modulates antioxidant activity and human T-cell proliferation

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p><it>Zizyphus lotus </it>L. (Desf.) also known as Jujube, is a deciduous shrub which belongs to Rhamnaceae family. This plant is used in Algerian traditional medicine for its anti-diabetic, sedative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and hypoglycaemic activities. In the present study, we determined the concentrations of different vitamins (vitamin A, C and E) and fatty acids in root, stem, leaves, fruit pulp and seed of <it>Zizyphus lotus </it>L. (Desf.) and assessed the effects of their aqueous extracts on antioxidant status and human T-cell proliferation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Aqueous filtrates from different parts, <it>i.e</it>, root, leaf, stem, fruit pulp and seed, of <it>Zizyphus lotus </it>L. (Desf.) were prepared. Vitamin C levels were determined by precipitating with 10% trichloroacetic acid and vitamin A and E were assessed by HPLC. Lipid composition of these extracts was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. Anti-oxidant capacity was evaluated by using anti-radical resistance kit [Kit Radicaux Libres (KRL^@; Kirial International SA, Couternon, France)]. T-cell blastogenesis was assessed by the incorporation of ³H-thymidine. IL-2 gene expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results show that fruit pulp contained higher vitamin A and C contents than other parts of the plant. Furthermore, the fruit pulp was the richest source of linoleic acid (18:2n-6), a precursor of n-6 fatty acids. Fruit seeds possessed higher vitamin C levels than leaves, roots and stem. The leaves were the richest source of vitamin E and linolenic acid (18:3n-3), a precursor of n-3 fatty acids. The antioxidant capacity of the different extracts, measured by KRL^@test, was as follows: pulp < seed<leaf<root < stem. As far as T-cell proliferation is concerned, we observed that the different extracts of <it>Zizyphus lotus </it>L. (Desf.) exerted immunosuppressive effects.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Seed extracts exerted the most potent immunosuppressive effects on T cell proliferation and IL-2 mRNA expression. The results of the present study are discussed in the light of their use to modulate the immune-mediated diseases.</p