Renewed Interest in Spectroscopy of the Lightest Doubly-Odd <i>N</i> = <i>Z</i> Nuclei

The existing experimental data for the γ decay of the stable N=Z doubly-odd nuclei and the β decay of the corresponding isospin multiplets is reviewed. The structure of the lightest nuclei with masses A≤14 is used to test and constrain ab initio nuclear theories. Most of the data were obtained in the second half of the last century and, in some cases, lack the needed precision for comparison with theoretical calculations. Recent spectroscopic studies in the lightest doubly-odd N = Z nuclei are discussed, as well as open problems related to the understanding of their structures and ideas for future experiments

Effect of using different base materials on microleakage of class V restorations

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of using different base materials on microleakage of class V restorations. Materials and Method: In this study 60 extracted non-cavitated human molar teeth were used. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces in 4 mm mesio-distal, 3 mm gingivo-occlusal width and 3 mm depth. The teeth were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1: resin-modified calcium silicate material (TheraCal LC), Group 2: self-adhesive flowable composite resin (Fusio Liquid Dentin), Group 3: flowable composite resin liner (Tetric N Flow), Group 4: resin-modified glass ionomer liner (Ketac N100), Group 5: control group. Materials in the experimental groups were placed in 1 mm thickness as liner. Then, a nanohybrid composite resin (Grandio) was placed and restorations were completed. In the control group, no base material was applied. After finishing and polishing procedures, thermocycling was performed 5000 times between 5-55 °C. Microleakage of restorations was evaluated by using dye penetration method (basic fuchsin). Results were analyzed by Kruskal Wallis with Bonferroni correction and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Regarding occlusal microleakage, no statistically significant difference was found between the groups (p=0.267); however significant difference was found between the gingival microleakage scores (p=0.004). Compared to Fusio Liquid Dentin and control groups, significantly less dye penetration was found in Theracal LC, Tetric N-Flow and Ketac N-100 groups (p0.01). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, the conclusion was that the use of a liner (except Fusio Liquid Dentin) under composite resin in a class V cavity reduced the microleakage of the restoration