Níveis tóxicos de ferro em lavouras de café conilon (Coffea canephora L.) em solos de tabuleiros costeiros

The crops conilon coffee in Espírito Santo concentrate on soils with high redox potential, in these soils predominates the Fe in reduced form and more soluble (Fe2+) which can cause interferences in development and productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of iron concentration in plant tissues and the productivity of crops conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) grown in soils of coastal tablelands in the State of Espírito Santo. The study was conducted in three producing properties conilon coffee located in the South of the Espírito Santo, three areas in lowland environment and three areas in the hillside environment, to compare the influence of local. We evaluated the physical and chemical composition of the soil, the concentration of nutrients in roots, stems, leaves, grains and fruit peel and productivity in two seasons. The results evidenced that the concentration of iron in all evaluated organs was higher in lowland crops and that productivity has been significantly higher in the hillside fields. We conclude that the high concentration of iron in the soil and plant organs evaluated the lowland crops may be negatively influence the productivity of crops.Os plantios de café conilon no estado do Espírito Santo concentram-se em solos com elevado potencial de oxirredução, nestes solos predomina o Fe na forma reduzida e mais solúvel (Fe2+), o que pode causar interferências no desenvolvimento e na produtividade. Objetivou-se, neste estudo, avaliar os impactos da concentração de ferro nos tecidos vegetais e a produtividade de lavouras de café conilon (Coffea canephora), cultivadas nos solos dos tabuleiros costeiros do Estado. O estudo foi realizado em três propriedades produtoras de café conilon, localizadas no Sul do Espírito Santo, sendo três áreas em ambiente de baixada e outras três em ambiente de encosta, para comparar a influência dos locais. Foram avaliadas a composição físico-química dos solos, a concentração dos nutrientes em raízes, caules, folhas, grãos e casca das plantas e a produtividade em duas safras. Os resultados sugerem que a concentração de ferro, em todos os órgãos avaliados, foi maior nas lavouras de baixada e que a produtividade foi significativamente maior nas lavouras de encosta. Conclui-se que a alta concentração de ferro no solo e nos órgãos vegetais avaliados das lavouras de baixada pode influenciar negativamente na produtividade das lavouras

Use of grass and leguminous species as winter mulching in organic notillage system of lettuce crop

ABSTRACT The no-tillage system for vegetables is an environmentally and economically suitable alternative, particularly for organic crops. However, further studies are needed using other plant species and under different growing conditions. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of different winter soil covers on lettuce development and yield under no-tillage system in an organic cultivation area. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with five treatments and six replications. The treatments used were three soil covers in the organic no-tillage system and two systems without cover crops and with soil tillage, one organic and the other conventional. The grass Avena strigosa (L.), the leguminous Lupinus albus (L.), and the intercropping of both species were used. The number of leaves per plant, stem length and diameter, head diameter, fresh and dry weight of plants, fresh weight of leaves and stem and Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) index were evaluated. The use of leguminous straw is recommended for winter cultivation of lettuce in an organic no-tillage system. Black oat straw, single or intercropped, impaired the development and productivity of lettuce in the organic no-tillage system in winter cultivation

Qualidade sensorial da bebida de cultivares de Coffea arabica L. em função do processamento pós-colheita: Sensory quality of coffee beverages from Coffea arabica L. cultivars as affected by post-harvest processing

Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a qualidade sensorial de bebida de diferentes cultivares de Coffea arabica L., submetidas ao processamento natural e despolpado. O experimento foi realizado no município de Conceição do Castelo – ES (20º 21’ 50” S e 41º 14’ 57” W, 850 m de altitude). A implementação e condução do experimento foi em delineamento em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no esquema de parcelas subdivididas, sendo as parcelas constituídas por três cultivares (Catucai 785-15, Catuaí IAC 44 e Arara) e as subparcelas representadas por dois métodos de processamento (natural e cereja descascado). Foi realizada análise de variância dos dados, utilizando-se teste de agrupamento de médias de Scott-Knott em nível de 5% de probabilidade. Todas as cultivares avaliadas possuem potencial para produção e cafés especiais. Para o ambiente avaliado, a cultivar Arara é superior as demais cultivares avaliadas na produção de cafés com maior qualidade sensorial de bebida. Os métodos de processamento avaliados não interferem na nota final de bebida para as cultivares avaliadas

Efficiency of Fungicide Application an Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Pneumatic Sprayer for Control of <i>Hemileia vastatrix</i> and <i>Cercospora coffeicola</i> in Mountain Coffee Crops

Coffee production and marketing is one of the main global commercial activities, but crop yields depend on several factors, among which plant health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spray droplet deposition in coffee crops grown in a mountain region, associated to the efficacy of the control of fungal diseases. The application efficiency, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the efficacy of the products applied were tested. Water-sensitive paper tags were used to analyze the application efficiency; agronomic efficiency, vegetative vigor, yield, and physiological parameters were used to determine the fungicide efficacy. Droplet coverage in the upper canopy layer using a pneumatic sprayer (28.70%) was 4.11-fold higher than that found in the same layer for application using a UAV (6.98%) at the rate of 15 L ha−1. The highest droplet depositions by using a UAV were found for the rate of 15 L ha−1: 1.60, 1.04, and 0.43 µL cm−2 in the upper, middle, and lower layers, respectively; the deposition in the upper layer with application using a pneumatic sprayer was 42.67 µL cm−2, and therefore, a 26.7-fold higher deposition. The results denote that the control of fungal diseases through fungicide applications using a UAV is efficient for mountain coffee crops

Efficiency of Fungicide Application an Using an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and Pneumatic Sprayer for Control of Hemileia vastatrix and Cercospora coffeicola in Mountain Coffee Crops

Coffee production and marketing is one of the main global commercial activities, but crop yields depend on several factors, among which plant health. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of spray droplet deposition in coffee crops grown in a mountain region, associated to the efficacy of the control of fungal diseases. The application efficiency, using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and the efficacy of the products applied were tested. Water-sensitive paper tags were used to analyze the application efficiency; agronomic efficiency, vegetative vigor, yield, and physiological parameters were used to determine the fungicide efficacy. Droplet coverage in the upper canopy layer using a pneumatic sprayer (28.70%) was 4.11-fold higher than that found in the same layer for application using a UAV (6.98%) at the rate of 15 L ha&minus;1. The highest droplet depositions by using a UAV were found for the rate of 15 L ha&minus;1: 1.60, 1.04, and 0.43 &micro;L cm&minus;2 in the upper, middle, and lower layers, respectively; the deposition in the upper layer with application using a pneumatic sprayer was 42.67 &micro;L cm&minus;2, and therefore, a 26.7-fold higher deposition. The results denote that the control of fungal diseases through fungicide applications using a UAV is efficient for mountain coffee crops