POTEnCIA model description - version 0.9

This report lays out the modelling approach that is implemented in the POTEnCIA modelling tool (Policy Oriented Tool for Energy and Climate Change Impact Assessment) and describes its analytical capabilities. POTEnCIA is a modelling tool for the EU energy system that follows a hybrid partial equilibrium approach. It combines behavioural decisions with detailed techno-economic data, therefore allowing for an analysis of both technology-oriented policies and of those addressing behavioural change. Special features and mechanisms are introduced in POTEnCIA in order to appropriately reflect the implications of an uptake of novel energy technologies and of changing market structures, allowing for the robust assessment of ambitious policy futures for the EU energy system. The model runs on an annual basis with a typical projection timeline to 2050.JRC.J.1-Economics of Climate Change, Energy and Transpor

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU:(Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The BREF entitled ‘Production of Cement, Lime and Magnesium Oxide’ forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection and the Commission, to draw up, review, and where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. This BREF for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide covers the following specified in Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely: • 3.1. Production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide: (a) production of cement clinker in rotary kilns with a production capacity exceeding 500 tonnes per day or in other kilns with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day; (b) production of lime in kilns with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day; (c) production of magnesium oxide in kilns with a production capacity exceeding 50 tonnes per day. The document also covers some activities that may be directly associated to these activities on the same site. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide are the reduction of emissions to air; efficient energy and raw material usage; minimisation, recovery and the recycling of process residues; as well as effective environmental and energy management systems. The BREF document contains 4 main chapters: Chapter 1 – Cement Industry, Chapter 2 – Lime Industry and Chapter 3 – Magnesium Oxide Industry (dry process route based on mined natural magnesite). Sections 1 and 2 of Chapters 1 – 3 provide general information on the industrial sector concerned and on the industrial processes and techniques used within this sector. Sections 3 of Chapters 1 – 3 provide data and information concerning the environmental performance of installations within the sector. Sections 4 of Chapters 1 – 3 describe the techniques to prevent or, where this is not practicable, to reduce the environmental impact of installations in this sector that were considered in determining the BAT. Sections 5 of Chapters 1 – 3 present information on 'emerging techniques' as defined in Article 3(14) of the Directive. Chapter 4 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Signatures of Co-Deregulated Genes and Their Transcriptional Regulators in Kidney Cancers

There are several studies on the deregulated gene expression profiles in kidney cancer, with varying results depending on the tumor histology and other parameters. None of these, however, have identified the networks that the co-deregulated genes (co-DEGs), across different studies, create. Here, we reanalyzed 10 Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) studies to detect and annotate co-deregulated signatures across different subtypes of kidney cancer or in single-gene perturbation experiments in kidney cancer cells and/or tissue. Using a systems biology approach, we aimed to decipher the networks they form along with their upstream regulators. Differential expression and upstream regulators, including transcription factors [MYC proto-oncogene (MYC), CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta (CEBPD), RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit (RELA), zinc finger MIZ-type containing 1 (ZMIZ1), negative elongation factor complex member E (NELFE) and Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4)] and protein kinases [Casein kinase 2 alpha 1 (CSNK2A1), mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 (MAPK1) and 14 (MAPK14), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), Cyclin dependent kinases 1 (CDK1) and 4 (CDK4), Homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) and Extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)], were computed using the Characteristic Direction, as well as GEO2Enrichr and X2K, respectively, and further subjected to GO and KEGG pathways enrichment analyses. Furthermore, using CMap, DrugMatrix and the LINCS L1000 chemical perturbation databases, we highlight putative repurposing drugs, including Etoposide, Haloperidol, BW-B70C, Triamterene, Chlorphenesin, BRD-K79459005 and β-Estradiol 3-benzoate, among others, that may reverse the expression of the identified co-DEGs in kidney cancers. Of these, the cytotoxic effects of Etoposide, Catecholamine, Cyclosporin A, BW-B70C and Lasalocid sodium were validated in vitro. Overall, we identified critical co-DEGs across different subtypes in kidney cancer, and our results provide an innovative framework for their potential use in the future

Enhanced Ca²⁺ Entry Sustains the Activation of Akt in Glucose Deprived SH-SY5Y Cells

The two crucial cellular insults that take place during cerebral ischemia are the loss of oxygen and loss of glucose, which can both activate a cascade of events leading to neuronal death. In addition, the toxic overactivation of neuronal excitatory receptors, leading to Ca2+ overload, may contribute to ischemic neuronal injury. Brain ischemia can be simulated in vitro by oxygen/glucose deprivation, which can be reversible by the re-establishment of physiological conditions. Accordingly, we examined the effects of glucose deprivation on the PI3K/Akt survival signaling pathway and its crosstalk with HIF-1α and Ca2+ homeostasis in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. It was found that glucose withdrawal decreased HIF-1α protein levels even in the presence of the ischemia-mimicking CoCl2. On the contrary, and despite neuronal death, we identified a strong activation of the master pro-survival kinase Akt, a finding that was also confirmed by the increased phosphorylation of GSK3, a direct target of p-Akt. Remarkably, the elevated Ca2+ influx recorded was found to promptly trigger the activation of Akt, while a re-addition of glucose resulted in rapid restoration of both Ca2+ entry and p-Akt levels, highlighting the plasticity of neurons to respond to ischemic challenges and the important role of glucose homeostasis for multiple neurological disorders