30 research outputs found

    A test of five mechanisms of species coexistence between rodents in a southern African savanna

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    The operation of five different mechanisms of species coexistence in a community of rodents was examined in a semi-arid Kalahari savanna in southern Africa. The two most common species were Tatera leucogaster (bushveld gerbil) and Rhabdomys pumilio(striped mouse). The mechanisms examined were habitat selection in a mosaic, microhabitat selection, spatial variation in resource abundance, temporal variation in resource abundance, and diet partitioning. The rodents were censused using mark-recapture live trapping, activity measured using sand-tracking, and foraging efficiency measured using giving-up densities (GUDs; the amount of food remaining following patch exploitation) in experimental food patches. There was no support for any of the five mechanisms: T. leucogaster tended to be a more efficient and mobile forager than R. pumilio. It is suggested that coexistence maybe based on a sixth mechanism, seasonal variation in resource abundance and a tradeoff of maintenance efficiency versus foraging efficiency. Further, it appears that R. pumilio is more efficient at maintaining harvest potential, not by maintaining high consumer biomass, but rather by having a high intrinsic rate of increase.Keywords: species coexistence, optimal patch use, giving-up densities, Kalahari desert, Africa, rodents, habitat selection, resource abundanc

    Locomotor activity in the Namaqua rock mouse ( Micaelamys

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    The locomotor activity rhythms of wild-caught Namaqua rock mice (Micaelamys namaquensis (A. Smith, 1834)) were examined under four light-cycle regimes to quantitatively describe the daily expression of locomotor activity and to study the innate relationship between activity and the light–dark cycle. Activity was always significantly higher at night than during the day; we note four trends. (1) The LD1 light cycle (12 h light : 12 h dark) established a distinct light-entrained and strongly nocturnal activity rhythm (99.11% nocturnal activity). The activity onset was prompt (zeitgeber time (ZT) 12.2 ± 0.04) and activity continued without any prominent peaks or extended times of rest until the offset of activity at ZT 23.73 ± 0.08. (2) Evidence for the internal maintenance of locomotor activity was obtained from the constant dark cycle (DD) in which locomotor activity free ran (mean = 23.89 h) and 77.58% of the activity was expressed during the subjective night. (3) During re-entrainment (LD2; 12 h light : 12 h dark), a nocturnal activity rhythm was re-established (98.65% nocturnal activity). (4) The inversion of the light cycle (DL; 12 h dark : 12 h light) evoked a shift in activity that again revealed dark-induced locomotor activity (95.69% nocturnal activity). Females were consistently more active than males in all of the light cycles, but only under the DD and LD2 cycles were females significantly more active than males. Although this species is considered nocturnal from field observations, information regarding its daily expression of activity and the role of light in its entrainment is lacking. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to report quantitatively on the species’ daily rhythm of activity and to investigate its relationship to the light–dark cycle.Les rythmes de l’activité locomotrice de souris de Namaqua (Micaelamys namaquensis (A. Smith, 1834)) capturées a` l’état sauvage ont été examinés pour quatre régimes de cycle lumineux afin de décrire de manière quantitative l’expression journalière de l’activité locomotrice et d’étudier le lien inné entre l’activité et le cycle lumière–noirceur. L’activité était toujours significativement plus grande la nuit que le jour; quatre tendances ont été notées. (1) Le cycle lumineux LDI (12 h de lumière, 12 h de noirceur) a établi un rythme d’activité distinct entraîné par la lumière et fortement nocturne (activité a` 99,11 % nocturne). Le début de l’activité n’a pas tardé (temps de zeitgeber (ZT) 12,2 ± 0,04) et l’activité s’est poursuivie sans pointe proéminente ou longue période de repos jusqu’a` la fin de l’activité a` ZT 23,73 ± 0,08. (2) Des indications du maintien interne de l’activité locomotrice ont été obtenues du cycle de noirceur constante (DD) dans lequel l’activité locomotrice avait libre cours ( moyen = 23,89 h) et 77,58 % de l’activité s’exprimait durant la nuit subjective. (3) Durant le réentrainement (LD2; 12 h de lumière, 12 h de noirceur), un rythme d’activité nocturne s’est rétabli (activité a` 98,65 % nocturne). (4) L’inversion du cycle lumineux (DL; 12 h de noirceur, 12 h de lumière) a provoqué un changement de l’activité qui révélait encore une fois une activité locomotrice induite par la noirceur (activité a` 95,69 % nocturne). Les femelles étaient uniformément plus actives que les mâles pour tous les cycles lumineux, mais les cycles DD et LD2 étaient les seuls durant lesquels les femelles étaient significativement plus actives que les mâles. Bien que cette espèce soit considérée comme étant nocturne sur la base d’observations de terrain, de l’information concernant l’expression journalière de son activité et le rôle de la lumière dans l’entraînement de cette dernière fait défaut. À notre connaissance, cette étude est la première a` rendre compte de manière quantitative du rythme journalier de l’activité de cette espèce et a` examiner le lien de ce dernier avec le cycle lumière–noirceur.South African Research Chair of Mammal Behavioural Ecology and Physiology and University of Pretoria.http://www.nrcresearchpress.com/cjzhb201
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