Historia i przebudowa węzła autobusowego przy placu Grunwaldzkin we Wrocławiu. Cz. 1

We Wrocławiu został oddany do użytku przebudowany węzeł komunikacyjny - plac Grunwaldzki. Skrzyżowanie to jest bardzo nietypowe - było zaprojektowane jako gwiazda sześcioramienna. Dodatkowo od podnad 130 lat obecny jest na nim transport zbiorowy. Przez wiele lat układ węzła był korygowany, a istniejące zaszłości historyczne coraz bardziej komplikowały ruch i korzystanie z komunikacji miejskiej. Przebudowa miała zmienić ten stan - zaplanowano bowiem m.in. budowę pasów autobusowo-tramwajowych i przystanków zintegrowanych. Przedstawiona w artykule historia i przemiany placu powinny być zatem interesującym przykładem ewolucji węzła komunikacyjnego w przestrzeni miejskiej

Historia i przebudowa węzła autobusowego przy placu Grunwaldzkin we Wrocławiu. Cz. 1

We Wrocławiu został oddany do użytku przebudowany węzeł komunikacyjny - plac Grunwaldzki. Skrzyżowanie to jest bardzo nietypowe - było zaprojektowane jako gwiazda sześcioramienna. Dodatkowo od podnad 130 lat obecny jest na nim transport zbiorowy. Przez wiele lat układ węzła był korygowany, a istniejące zaszłości historyczne coraz bardziej komplikowały ruch i korzystanie z komunikacji miejskiej. Przebudowa miała zmienić ten stan - zaplanowano bowiem m.in. budowę pasów autobusowo-tramwajowych i przystanków zintegrowanych. Przedstawiona w artykule historia i przemiany placu powinny być zatem interesującym przykładem ewolucji węzła komunikacyjnego w przestrzeni miejskiej

Changes in varistors properties after radial field test

ZnO varistors are used in commercial surge arresters in high voltage application in the area of power engineering. Metal oxide arresters (MOA) operated in polluted areas may be subjected to an environmental stresses causing an internal partial discharges (PD), increased varistor temperature, increased leakage current, which may lead to “thermal run-a-way”. Internal PD, increased temperature and increased current may occur due to the uneven voltage distribution created by the surface leakage currents. It may be achieved when different voltage distribution between varistor column and porcelain housing becomes, especially when the stable dry zone occurs. The author, in this work, establishes uneven voltage distribution immersing arrester in tap water. This paper present changes in varistors properties after radial field test. It was shown, that changes in currentvoltage characteristic can be result from degradation of insulating layer covering the varistors as result of the strong partial discharges created between internal surface of the porcelain housing and attentive surface of the varistors column

Determination of lubricity properties of hydrocracked diesel base fuel as the function of the concentration of CHO additives - Part IV

Część 1 badanego obszaru tematycznego zawiera wyniki badań wstępnych – metodycznych. Cz. 2 ogólnie opisuje podstawowy obszar tematyczny: wyniki badań właściwości smarnych dodatków estrowych CHO (węgiel, wodór, tlen): butynianu metylu i dekanianu metylu w komponentach oleju napędowego z hydrokrakingu o zawartości siarki poniżej 5 ppm. Badania te wykonano dla próbek strumieni surowcowych i cieczy wzorcowej – n-heksadekan – w funkcji stężenia dodatków. Badania AFM z rozdzielczością poniżej 1nm pozwoliły na ocenę topologii powierzchni po procesie tarcia oraz określenie zakresu zmienności grubości tworzonej warstwy polimerów tarcia. Część 3 opracowania zawiera wyniki badań słabo poznanej grupy dodatków (CHO) ketonów. Pracę wykonano wg programu badań estrów, co pozwala na łatwe porównanie wyników badań. Oceniono też wpływ długości łańcucha ketonu na smarność. Niniejsze opracowanie skupia się na relacji oceny stanu powierzchni uzyskanej metodami instrumentalnymi, jak: AFM, Auger, XPS i SIMS wyników badań smarności grupy dodatków (CHO) – estrów i ketonów. Praca również ogólnie podsumowuje uzyskane wyniki badań zakresu tematycznego, wskazuje problemy i zagadnienia badawcze.Part 1 of the investigated subject field contains the initial methodical results. Part 2 generally describes basis of the thematic area: findings of the tribological proprieties of ester additives CHO (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen): methyl butyrate and methyl decanoate in components of the hydrocracked or hydrotreated base diesel oil, containing sulphur below 5 ppm. This research was executed for samples of streams of raw material and standard liquid – n-hexadecane – in the function of the additive concentration. Research using an AFM apparatus with the resolution below 1 nm allowed estimating surface topology after the friction process and qualification of the range of the variability of the created layer thickness of the film products, assumed to be friction polymers. Other methods include research of instrumental (AES, XPS, SIMS) fragments super frictions progress. Part 3: Base fuels of two producers and n-hexadecane were used as solvents to test the effect of four ketones at different treatment rates. The influence of such CHO ketone type additives on streams and/or fractions of hydrocarbon fuels is not exactly defined as yet. In the article, we introduced research results of surface investigation with the instrumental methods: AFM, Auger, XPS and SIMS in relation to lubrication proprieties of selected additives CHO – esters and ketone (carbon, hydrogen and oxygen) in the hydrocracked or hydrotreated base diesel fuels, containing sulphur below 5 ppm

Active Learning Embedded in Incremental Decision Trees

As technology evolves and electronic devices become widespread, the amount of data produced in the form of stream increases in enormous proportions. Data streams are an online source of data, meaning that it keeps producing data continuously. This creates the need for fast and reliable methods to analyse and extract information from these sources. Stream mining algorithms exist for this purpose, but the use of supervised machine learning is extremely limited in the stream domain since it is unfeasible to label every data instance requested to be processed. Tackling this problem, our paper proposes the use of active learning techniques for stream mining algorithms, specifically incremental Hoeffding trees-based. It is important to mention that the active learning techniques were implemented to match the stream mining constraints regarding low computational cost. We took advantage of the incremental tree original structure to avoid overburdening the original computational cost when selecting a label. In other words, the statistical strategy to grow each incremental tree has supported the execution of active learning. Using techniques of uncertainty sampling, we were able to drastically reduce the number of labels required at the cost of a very small reduction in accuracy. Particularly with Budget Entropy there was an average negative impact of accuracy about using only of samples labelled

UDINEE: Evaluation of multiple models with data from the JU2003 puff releases in Oklahoma City. Part II: Simulation of puff parameters

The capabilities of nine atmospheric dispersion models (ADMs) in predicting near-field dispersion from puff releases in an urban environment have been addressed under the Urban Dispersion INternational Evaluation Exercise (UDINEE) project. The models’ results have been evaluated using tracer observations from the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) experiment where neutrally buoyant puffs were released in the downtown of Oklahoma City. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) concentration time series measured at ten sampling locations during four daytime and four nighttime puff releases were used in this paper to evaluate how the models simulate the puff passage at the measurement locations. The neutrally buoyant puff releases in JU2003 are the closest scenario to Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) releases in urban areas, and therefore, UDINEE is a first step towards the better emergency response to an RDD event in urban environments. We have investigated for each puff and sampler the models’ capability of simulating the peak concentration; the peak and puff arrival times; and time duration, defined as the time period over which concentrations exceeds the 10 % of the peak concentration. As expected, due to the highly transient nature associated with puff releases, this quantitative comparison has pointed out differences among the individual model performances on simulating the puff dispersion. The results have also shown that the characteristics of the release site can impact the modelling of the initial puff size and the initial along downwind spread of the puff.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet

UDINEE: Evaluation of multiple models with data from the JU2003 puff releases in Oklahoma City. Part I: Comparison of observed and predicted concentrations

In a complex environment, such as an urban area, accurate predictions of the atmospheric dispersion of airborne harmful materials, like radioactive substances, are necessary for establishing response actions and assessing risk or damage. Given the variety of urban atmospheric dispersion models (ADMs) available, evaluation and inter-comparison exercises are vital to assess quantitatively and qualitatively their capabilities and differences. To that end, the European Commission/Directorate General Joint Research Centre (EC/DG JRC) in support to EC/DG-Migration and Home Affairs (HOME), and with the contribution of the U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (U.S DTRA), launched the Urban Dispersion INternational Evaluation Exercise (UDINEE) project. Within UDINEE, nine ADMs have been evaluated and inter-compared. Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) concentrations from puff released near the ground during the Joint Urban 2003 (JU2003) field experiment are used in UDINEE to evaluate ADMs. JU2003 was chosen because UDINEE aims at better understanding of modelling capabilities for Radiological Dispersal Device (RDD) in urban areas, and the neutrally buoyant puff releases performed in JU2003 are the closest scenario to this purpose. The simulation of the dispersion of puffs is particularly challenging. The results of UDINEE could therefore constitute a benchmark against which future model developments could be compared. The present study evaluates the models’ capability to simulate the presence and concentration levels of the tracer at sampling locations. The simulation of the time-integrated concentrations for each puff and sampler is also evaluated, as it is representative of a dose estimate, which is among the most important impact parameters for population protection.JRC.G.10-Knowledge for Nuclear Security and Safet