Trichobius Joblingi, Aspidoptera Falcata, And Megistopoda Proxima (diptera: Streblidae) Parasitic On Carollia Perspicillata And Sturnira Lillium (chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) In Southeastern Brazil: Sex Ratios, Seasonality, Host Site Preference, And Effect Of Parasitism On The Host

This note examines the effect of parasitism on host size, the preference of the parasite for a specific host body area, and the seasonal abundance for the 3 most abundant bat flies (i.e., Trichobius joblingi Wenzel, a parasite of the bat Carollia perspicillata [Linnaeus], and Aspidoptera falcata Wenzel and Megistopoda proxima [Seguy], parasites on Sturnira lilium [Geoffroy]). Trichobius joblingi and A. falcata are moderately dorsoventrally flattened and were collected on the wing membranes of their hosts, and M. proxima is moderately laterally compressed, has long, thin hind legs, and was collected in the body fur of the host. These 3 parasites also showed distinct seasonal patterns. There was a significant negative correlation between the simultaneous occurrence of A. falcata and M. proxima on the host. Parasitism by M. proxima was correlated with a significant weight loss in male S. lilium, which may reflect the large size, high activity, and constant feeding of this parasite, thereby causing a significant negative effect on the host. Sex ratios favoring male flies could be explained by the tendency of female flies to leave the host immediately before the bat leaves the shelter in search for food or immediately after bats are collected but could also be a consequence of higher mortality among females, especially gravid ones. Finally, collecting may have influenced the skewed sex ratio because male flies, being more active, were more evident to the collector.861167170Araújo, G.M., Schiavini, I., Considerações sobre a vegetação da Reserva Ecológica do Panga (Uberlândia) (1989) Sociedade & Natureza, 1, pp. 61-66. , Uberlândia, BrazilAskew, R.R., (1971) Parasitic Insects, 316p. , American Elsevier Publishing Company, New YorkFritz, G.N., Biology and ecology of bat flies (Diptera: Streblidae) on bats in the genus Carollia (1983) Journal of Medical Entomology, 20, pp. 1-10Komeno, C.C., Linhares, A.X., Bat flies parasitic on phyllostomid bats in southeastern Brazil: Parasitism rates and hostparasite relationships (1999) Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 94, pp. 151-156Kunz, T.H., Roosting ecology (1982) Ecology of Bats, pp. 1-55. , T. H. Kunz (ed.). Plenum Press, New YorkMarshall, A.G., (1981) The Ecology of Ectoparasitc Insects, 459p. , Academic Press, London, U.KEcology of insects ectoparasitic on bats (1982) Ecology of Bats, pp. 369-401. , T. H. Kunz (ed.). Plenum Press, New York(1986) SAS User's Guide: Statistics, Version 6 Ed., 1028p. , Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. Cary, North CarolinaSnedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., (1989) Statistical Methods, 803p. , Iowa State University Press, Ames, IowaStokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., Koch, G.G., (1995) Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System, , Statistical Analysis Systems Institute, Cary, North CarolinaWenzel, R.L., The streblid bat flies of Venezuela (Diptera: Streblidae) (1976) Brigham Young University Science Bulletin, 20, pp. 1-177Tipton, V.J., Kiewlicz, A., Some relationships between mammal hosts and their ectoparasites (1966) Ectoparasites of Panama, pp. 405-675. , R. L. Wenzel and V. J. Tipton (eds.). Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IllinoisWilliams, C.F., Social organization of the bat Carollia perspicillata (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) (1986) Ethology, 71, pp. 265-28

Moscas ectoparasitas (Diptera, Streblidae) de morcegos (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) no sul do Brasil: associações hospedeiros-parasitos e taxas de infestação Ectoparasitic flies (Diptera, Streblidae) of bats (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae) in southern Brazil: hosts-parasites associations and infestation rates

As associações hospedeiros-parasitos e as taxas de infestação de dípteros ectoparasitos da família Streblidae foram estudadas em morcegos da família Phyllostomidae na Floresta Atlântica no extremo sul do Brasil. Para as espécies mais abundantes de filostomídeos, foi examinado se há diferenças nos valores de prevalência e intensidade média dos ectoparasitos nas diferentes estações do ano e conforme sexo e idade do hospedeiro. Em quatro espécies de filostomídeos (Anoura caudifera (E. Geoffroy, 1818), Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838, Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) e Sturnira lilium E. Geoffroy, 1810) foram coletados 118 indivíduos de sete espécies de Streblidae (Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926), Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907, Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 e Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976). Para A. lituratus, A. fimbriatus e S. lilium, as taxas de infestação foram baixas e houve uma tendência à infestação ser maior no verão e outono, fato provavelmente relacionado à sazonalidade de temperatura na região, que afeta as taxas reprodutivas e a mortalidade dos ectoparasitos. A infestação por P. longicrus em A. lituratus não foi afetada pelo sexo e idade do hospedeiro. Para S. lilium, a infestação por M. proxima não foi afetada por sexo e idade do hospedeiro, com exceção da maior prevalência de ectoparasitos em indivíduos jovens. Os dados indicam que não existem diferenças comportamentais ligadas a sexo e idade do hospedeiro que favoreçam ou comprometam a infestação por Streblidae nestas espécies de morcegos filostomídeos.<br>Hosts-parasites associations, including infestation rates, between ectoparasitic bat flies of the family Streblidae and bats of the family Phyllostomidae were studied in Atlantic Forest habitats in southern Brazil. For the more abundant phyllostomid bats, the prevalence and mean intensity of fly infestation were determined during the different seasons of the year and in relation to the sex and age of their hosts. From four species of bats (Anoura caudifera (E. Geoffroy, 1818), Artibeus fimbriatus Gray, 1838, Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Sturnira lilium E. Geoffroy, 1810), were collected 118 specimens of bat flies belonging to seven species (Anastrebla caudiferae Wenzel, 1976, Megistopoda aranea (Coquillett, 1899), Megistopoda proxima (Séguy, 1926), Metelasmus pseudopterus Coquillett, 1907, Paratrichobius longicrus (Miranda Ribeiro, 1907), Trichobius phyllostomae Kessel, 1925 and Trichobius tiptoni Wenzel, 1976). Low infestation rates were found in A. lituratus, A. fimbriatus and S. lilium and there were a tendency for the bats to be more parasited in summer and autumn, probably related to the seasonal temperatures in the region studied because such temperatures affect the reproductive and mortality rates of the ectoparasites. For A. lituratus, the age or sex of the host did not affect the infestation rates by P. longicrus. Although the age or sex of S. lilium did not, in general, affect the rate of infestation by M. proxima, juvenile S. lilium appeared to be more frequently parasitized by M. proxima than did adult bats. The data indicate that there are no behavioral differences linked to the age and sex of the species of phyllostomid bats studied which favor or disfavor infestation by Streblidae