5 research outputs found
Human and animal campylobacteriosis in Tanzania: a review
12pThe thermotolerant species of Campylobacter have become very important in public health, particularly as agents of infectious diarrhoea in human beings. Though the mechanism by which they cause disease is yet to be fully explained, they have been recognized as the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in both developed and developing countries. The organisms colonize different animal species without causing any symptoms of disease; and humans acquire infections through contact with or consumption of contaminated meat especially raw/undercooked poultry meat. The growing trend of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter isolates continues to pose significant public health challenges. In this review we present the available information generated in Tanzania about Campylobacter infections in humans and animals. We conducted a structured literature search of PUBMED and ScienceDirect electronic databases and identified 15 articles. Studies on humans reported Campylobacter infections in both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects; with higher prevalence in children under the age of five years. Studies on animals found colonization of both domestic and wild species. Among isolates, some demonstrated antimicrobial resistance. The available information for both human and animal Campylobacteriosis in the country is sparse. It however provides an insight of the bacteriological and epidemiological aspects of Campylobacter infections in the country and eventually creates more awareness on the need to develop control strategies. Since the organism is zoonotic its control strategies should adopt the “One Health” approach involving collaborative efforts from veterinary and human medicine
Human and animal campylobacteriosis in Tanzania: a review
12pThe thermotolerant species of Campylobacter have become very important in public health, particularly as agents of infectious diarrhoea in human beings. Though the mechanism by which they cause disease is yet to be fully explained, they have been recognized as the leading cause of bacterial enteritis in both developed and developing countries. The organisms colonize different animal species without causing any symptoms of disease; and humans acquire infections through contact with or consumption of contaminated meat especially raw/undercooked poultry meat. The growing trend of antibiotic resistant Campylobacter isolates continues to pose significant public health challenges. In this review we present the available information generated in Tanzania about Campylobacter infections in humans and animals. We conducted a structured literature search of PUBMED and ScienceDirect electronic databases and identified 15 articles. Studies on humans reported Campylobacter infections in both symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects; with higher prevalence in children under the age of five years. Studies on animals found colonization of both domestic and wild species. Among isolates, some demonstrated antimicrobial resistance. The available information for both human and animal Campylobacteriosis in the country is sparse. It however provides an insight of the bacteriological and epidemiological aspects of Campylobacter infections in the country and eventually creates more awareness on the need to develop control strategies. Since the organism is zoonotic its control strategies should adopt the “One Health” approach involving collaborative efforts from veterinary and human medicine
The role of Pig production and Market value chain in the occurrence of African Swine Fever in Songwe and Ruvuma regions, Tanzania
Background: In recent years, the pig industry in Tanzania has faced frequent occurrence of outbreaks of African swine fever (ASF). However, there is inadequate information on the pig value chain operation in relation to occurrence of ASF. This study aimed at mapping pig value chain and assess its contribution to the occurrence and spread of ASF in Tanzania.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Songwe, Momba, Songea and Mbinga districts of Tanzania. Study districts were purposively selected based on the density of pig population, differences in production systems and history of ASF outbreaks. A total number of 484 pig producers and 28 traders were involved in the study. Random sampling was used to select pig producers. Pig traders were selected using snowball technique. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data on pig management and production practices, veterinary services, pig marketing practices and biosecurity measures using Open Data Kit (ODK) software. Semi structured interviews were conducted with key informants on perceived risk practices that are related to ASF outbreaks, challenges and recommendations on ASF prevention and control measures. Observation method was used to assess structure, facilities and practices within the pig production chain.
Results: The main actors in the pig production chain were pig producers, assemblers, wholesalers and retailers. Unknown stock source (30%), poor husbandry practice such as free ranging (5%), poor management of waste products (73%) and poor handling of feed (73%) were risk practices in the production node. Transportation nodes operated under high risk due to frequent movements and pick-ups of ≥ 30 pigs per trip.
Conclusion: The results demonstrated that different actors operate in the pig production, distribution and marketing chain. Each node operated under low biosecurity measures, and poor infrastructures that are likely to contribute to occurrence of ASF. There is need to improve good husbandry practices, marketing and infrastructures to increase production while ensuring pork safety
Human and animal Campylobacteriosis in Tanzania: A review
The thermotolerant species of Campylobacter have become very
important in public health, particularly as agents of infectious
diarrhoea in human beings. Though the mechanism by which they cause
disease is yet to be fully explained, they have been recognized as the
leading cause of bacterial enteritis in both developed and developing
countries. The organisms colonize different animal species without
causing any symptoms of disease; and humans acquire infections through
contact with or consumption of contaminated meat especially
raw/undercooked poultry meat. The growing trend of antibiotic resistant
Campylobacter isolates continues to pose significant public health
challenges. In this review we present the available information
generated in Tanzania about Campylobacter infections in humans and
animals. We conducted a structured literature search of PUBMED and
ScienceDirect electronic databases and identified 15 articles. Studies
on humans reported Campylobacter infections in both symptomatic and
asymptomatic subjects; with higher prevalence in children under the age
of five years. Studies on animals found colonization of both domestic
and wild species. Among isolates, some demonstrated antimicrobial
resistance. The available information for both human and animal
Campylobacteriosis in the country is sparse. It however provides an
insight of the bacteriological and epidemiological aspects of
Campylobacter infections in the country and eventually creates more
awareness on the need to develop control strategies. Since the organism
is zoonotic its control strategies should adopt the “One
Health” approach involving collaborative efforts from veterinary
and human medicine
Sanitary practices and occurrence of zoonotic conditions in cattle at slaughter in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania: implications for public health
As meat consumption is increasing worldwide to cover for protein
demands, also raise concerns and challenges regarding meat hygiene and
safety. The current one year follow up study aimed at investigating on
sanitary practices and occurrence of zoonotic conditions, during
postmortem examination, in cattle at slaughter in Morogoro Municipality
abattoir. Sanitary practices were assessed through direct observation
where as routine post-mortem inspection procedures were employed to
detect zoonotic conditions in cattle at slaughter. During the study
period a total of 30,713 cattle were slaughtered and inspected at the
abattoir. Results revealed poor hygienic practices at the level of
abattoir surrounding, the slaughter operation area, personnel as well
as meat vans. Whole carcasses, lungs, livers, hearts and heads were
condemned due to zoonotic conditions at rates of 0.026%, 1.96%, 1.61%,
0.02% and 0.21% respectively. Bovine tuberculosis, Cysticercus bovis
cysts, fasciolosis and hydatidosis were the responsible zoonotic
conditions for the condemnations. Bovine tuberculosis was a leading
zoonotic cause of condemnations accounting for 95.7% of lungs and 100%
of all head and carcass condemnations. Cysticercus bovis cysts were
ranking the second in serving as causes of condemnations closely
followed by fasciolosis and lastly hydatidosis. Occurrence of disease
conditions with zoonotic implication in cattle at slaughter, meant for
human consumption, may pose significant economic and public health
risks to especially disaster-prone marginalized communities. Thus,
there is a need to introduce appropriate control measures of livestock
diseases to minimize the rate of infection; and eventually reduce
economic losses and safeguard public health