Gravitational waves in cosmological models of Ho\v{r}ava-Witten theory

We study the behavior of gravitational waves and their backreaction on the background in cosmological solutions of the five-dimensional Ho\v{r}ava-Witten theory. As a dynamical background, we consider two cosmological solutions with spatially flat expanding FRW branes, called $(\uparrow)$- and $(\downarrow)$-solutions, in which the orbifold size increases and decreases in time, respectively. % For these background solutions, the wave equation for the tensor perturbation can be solved by the method of separation of variables, and the mode functions are classified by a separation constant which can be regarded as a graviton mass. We show that the spatial behavior of the mode functions are the same for both background solutions, but the temporal behavior is significantly different. We further show that for the $(\uparrow)$ solution, the background bulk geometry is unstable against the backreaction of the perturbation, while for the $(\downarrow)$ solution, the backreaction on the bulk geometry can be neglected. We also show that, in contrast to the effect to the bulk geometry, the backreaction of the perturbation significantly alters the intrinsic geometry of the brane for the $(\downarrow)$ solution.Comment: 14 page

Liver Functional Tests in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis and Chronic Hepatitis Diagnosed by Operative Biopsy of the Liver

The results of the liver functional tests in 45 cases of liver cirrhosis (LC) and 29 cases of chronic hepatitis (CH) confirmed by liver biopsy during operation were compared and studied. It was recognized that there were significant differences of albumin (p < 0.05), prothrombin time (p < 0.01), cholinesterase (p < 0.01) and KICG (p < 0.05) between LC and CH. The rate of hospital death in LC group proved to higher that that in CH group. Therefore, in the cases where LC is diagnosed before or during operation and the decrease in the above four parameters were low, careful consideration for the selection of surgical formulas and post-operative treatment are required

Influence of Amines in the Brain and Gastric Wall on Development of Stress Ulcers

With a view to examining the influence of amines in the brain and gastric wall on the development of stress ulcers, the authors loaded rats with the stress of cold restraint after administration of the inhibitory agents of produce and metabolism of amines, and the following findings were obtained. 1. Noradrenalin contents in the brain were significantly reduced after stress. The reduction relatively induced vagotonia and developed ulcers. Accordingly, noradrenalin in the brain associates with the development of stress ulcers. 2. Serotonin contents in the brain were increased significantly after stress, unlike the changes of the noradrenalin contents. But serotonin in the brain was not associated with the development of stress ulcers. 3. Histamine and serotonin contents in the gastric wall were reduced significantly after stress and both amines were associated with the development of stress ulcers. 4. Either of histamine or serotonin in the gastric wall was not be able to be the main cause on the development of stress ulcers, and their association was almost the same degree

Gastric Mucosal Lesions in Cases of Nonshunting Procedures for Esophageal Varices

Gastric mucosal lesions in 74 patients with esophageal varices for whom the nonshunting procedure was given in our institute from 1973 to 1983 were studied. Out of 9 patients of operative death, the direct cause of death in 2 patients was acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML), and both patients belonged to Child C according to Child's Classification. The rate of complication of gastric mucosal lesion before operation was 42%, while it was 64% after operation, and all cases were complicated with liver cirrhosis. Among 31 cases in whom the condition before and after operation in the same case was compared, and found that gastric mucosal lesions were aggravated after operation in 12 patients (39%). The rate of post-operative aggravation of gastric mucosal lesions classified by the surgical formula was 18.8% of esophageal transection, and in comparison Hassab's operation was a high as 61.1%. In patients with liver cirrhosis, the defensive factors of the gastric mucosa had been reduced. Hassab's operation which changes the gastric mucosal blood flow by periesophago-gastric devascularization has a high possibility of aggravating gastric mucosal lesions

Changes in Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis Systems after Hassab's Procedure for Portal Hypertension

The changes in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems in 12 patients on whom Hassab's procedure was given for portal hypertension with liver cirrhosis (LC) were studied. The coagulation factors such as the platelet count, prothrombin time (PT) and fibrinogen level showed reduction before operation, while after operation these values showed significant increase. Whereas the fibrinolysis, the fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) showed no positive cases before operation, but after operation a significant rise was noted on the 7th day as the peak. It was observed from these findings that Hassab's procedure given on the cases with LC induced acceleration in the coagulation and fibrinolysis systems after operation, so that ample care should be taken for the complications including disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or gastrointestinal bleeding

The Influence of Truncal Vagotomy on Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesion in Obstructive Jaundice

With a view to examining the influence of truncal vagotomy on acute gastric mucosal lesion (AGML) in obstructive jaundice, the authors prepared the non-vagotomized group and the vagotomized group of rats with obstructive jaundice. Further, cold restraint stress was loaded on the two groups for 30 min, and the following results were obtained: 1) The incidence of AGML in the vagotomized group before stress was inhibited to 17% in both the 3-week group and 4-week group, as compared to 33-38% in the non-vagotomized group. The incidence of AGML in the vagotomized group after stress was inhibited to 17% in the 3-week group and 33% in the 4-week group, as compared to 78% in the non-vagotomized group. 2) Gastric mucosal histamine (HA) contents in the vagotomized group before stress in both the 3-week group and the 4-week group were significantly increased (p < 0.05) as compared with the levels in the non-vagotomized group. As concerns gastric mucosal serotonin (5-HT) contents, however, no significant difference was noted between both groups. The contents of both amines in the gastric mucosa in the non-vagotomized group, a significant decrease (p < 0.05) was observed in both the 3-week group and 4-week group after stress, while in the vagotomized group no significant changes were found

Surgical Treatment for Insulinoma: a Study of 6 Cases

The authors treated six patients with insulinoma in our department during a period up to 1984, and performed seven operations including one re-operation. In this paper, the results of our study of the clinical symptoms, diagnosis and surgical formula in these cases are presented. Selective angiography and percutaneous transhepatic portal venous sampling (PTPVS) proved useful for pre-operative tumor localization diagnosis. Blood glucose monitoring during operation became a good index for the selection of the surgical formula. In the cases of surfacial and single tumors, enucleation alone was able to obtain satisfactory surgical results. In the cases, however, when re-operative, deep or multiple tumors were suspected, staged distal pancreatectomy under blood glucose monitoring was considered to be indicated. It was therefore thought that the preservation of the pancreas should be made as far as possible

SimplyRetrieve: A Private and Lightweight Retrieval-Centric Generative AI Tool

Large Language Model (LLM) based Generative AI systems have seen significant progress in recent years. Integrating a knowledge retrieval architecture allows for seamless integration of private data into publicly available Generative AI systems using pre-trained LLM without requiring additional model fine-tuning. Moreover, Retrieval-Centric Generation (RCG) approach, a promising future research direction that explicitly separates roles of LLMs and retrievers in context interpretation and knowledge memorization, potentially leads to more efficient implementation. SimplyRetrieve is an open-source tool with the goal of providing a localized, lightweight, and user-friendly interface to these sophisticated advancements to the machine learning community. SimplyRetrieve features a GUI and API based RCG platform, assisted by a Private Knowledge Base Constructor and a Retrieval Tuning Module. By leveraging these capabilities, users can explore the potential of RCG for improving generative AI performance while maintaining privacy standards. The tool is available at https://github.com/RCGAI/SimplyRetrieve with an MIT license.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figure

Experimental Studies on Acute Gastric Mucosal Lesion Involved with Obstructive Jaundice: Mainly on the Changes of Amine Contents in the Gastric Mucosa on Cold Restraint Stress

The authors gave load of cold restraint stress to rats with obstructive jaundice and those on which biliary drainage was performed in order to examine the incidence of AGML, amine contents in the gastric mucosa, and gastric mucosal microcirculation, and the following results were obtained: 1) The incidence of AGML in the 3,4-week group of rats with obstructive jaundice and in the 4-week group of rats with biliary drainage after cold restraint for 30 min was increased markedly by 78% for each as compared with 22% in the control group. 2) The contents of histamine and serotonin in the gastric mucosa in the control group showed no significant change after cold restraint for 30 min, whereas the contents of both amines in the 3,4-week group of rats with obstructive jaundice and in the 4-week group of rats with biliary drainage were, respectively, significantly decreased after cold restraint. 3) Gastric mucosal microcirculation in the control group was prevented rather successfully, whereas that in the 4-week group of rats with obstructive jaundice after cold restraint for 30 min developed disturbance of gastric mucosal microcirculation due to congestion

Relationship between Bilirubin Decreasing Rate "b" and Morbidity in Patients with Obstructive Jaundice

In the period from 1970 to 1985, 114 patients on whom secondarily operation for obstructive jaundice has been done were surveyed.In order to determine a good clinical indicator for predicting prognosis, we took total bilirubin level and the bilirubin decreasing rate "b". In the relationship between total bilirubin level and morbidity, no significant difference were noted in the groups of total bilirubin level below 4.9mg/dl, at 5.0-9.9mg/dl, and over 10.0mg/dl. While the rate of complication is estimated to be 25% in the good group classified by "b" value, 33.9% in the fair group and 73.5% in the poor group, respectively. Significant difference between morbidity in the good group and the poor (p<0.01), and in the fair and the poor (p<0.01) were noted. Thus we conclude that the bilirubin decreasing rate "b" is much better clinical indicator than total bilirubin level