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Not AvailableSOIL SURVEY AND DRAINAGE STUDIES WERE CONDUCTED IN BALLOP VILLAGE OF THE CHAMBAL COMMAND TO PREPARE A SOIL MAP AND TO CLASSIFY THE PROBLEM SITES INTO THREE DEFINITE GROUPS VIZ SALINE, SALINE- ALKALI AND NON- SALINE- ALKALI SOILS. RECLAMATION MEASURES FOR VARIOUS PROBLEM SOILS HAVE BEEN ELABORATED.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableNo THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHES VIZ SOIL MULCH, JOWAR STALK, DRY GRASS AND POLYETHYLENE FILM ON MOISTURE RETENTION AND WHEAT YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS ON SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL HAS BEEN DISCUSSES. MULCHES CONSERVED MOISTURE AND INCREASED THE YIELD SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHEST YIELD WAS OBTAINED UNDER GRASS MULCH.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTHE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT MULCHES VIZ SOIL MULCH. JOWAR, DRY GRASS AND POLYETHYLENE FILM ON MOISTURE RETENTION AND WHEAT YIELD UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS ON SILTY CLAY LOAM SOIL HAS BEEN DISCUSSED. MULCHES CONSERVED MOISTURE AND INCREASED THE YIELD SIGNIFICANTLY . HIGHEST YIELD WAS OBTAINED UNDER GRASS MULCH.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableDESCRIBES QUANTIFICATION OF SOIL STRUCTURE IN TERMS OF MEAN WEIGHT DIAMETER (MWD) UNDER CENCHRUS CILIARIS. DICHANTHIUM ANNULATUM AND ARISTIDA HYSTRIX IN COMPARISON TO THAT UNDER OVERGRAZED AREAS. THE MWDs OF THE AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SURFACE LAYERS UNDER CENCHRUS CILIARIS AND DICHANTHIUM ANNULATUM WERE MORE THAN FIVE TIMES THE MWD OF THE AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION IN THE SURFACE LAYER OF THE OVERGRAZED AREA. THE MWD OF THE AGGREGATE DISTRIBUTION UNDER THE ANNUAL, ARISTIDA HYSTRIX WAS THRICE THAT IN THE CASE OF THE OVERGRAZED AREA. THE EXTENT OF SOIL AGGREGATION IN THE SURFACE AND SUBSURFACE SOILS REMAINS TO BE THE SAME UNDER OVERGRAZED AREA. DIAMETER , SPREAD AND VERTICAL EXTENT OF THE ROOTS PLAY A MAJOR ROLE IN SOIL AGGREGATION IN DEEPER LAYERS.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableN THE CAUSE OF BAMBOO MORTALITY IN CHAMBAL RAVINES AROUND KOTA WERE INVESTIGATED . THE HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES REVEALED THAT THE WATER TABLE IN RAVINE SYSTEM I WAS RISING AND THERE WAS AN AVERAGE RISE OF 71cm IN WATER TABLE WITHIN A SHORT PERIOD OF TWO YEARS, 1970-72 . SOIL INVESTIGATION REVEALED THAT THE SALINITY WAS FAST BUILDING UP IN RAVINE SYSTEM I AS A RESULT OF THE RAVINE BED LEVEL BEING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY OF THE WATER- TABLE AND DUE TO THE CAPILLARY FRINGES, A LOT OF WATER EVAPORATED FROM THE SOIL PROFILES, THUS ACCUMULATING LARGE QUANTITIES OF SALTS IN VARYING PROPORTIONS IN DIFFERENT HORIZONS. EC VALUES WERE MORE THAN 20 MMHOS/CM WHERE COMPLETE MORTALITY OF BAMBOO PLANTATIONS WAS OBSERVED. FROM THE VARYING BAMBOO GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF BAMBOO PLANTATION AT DIFFERENT SITES OF RAVINES SYSTEM I WITH VARYING ECe VALUES IT WAS OBSERVED THAT BAMBOOS ( DENDROCALAMUS STRICTUS)APPEAR TO TOLERATE SALINITY UPTO 10mmhos/cm WHEN THE AVERAGE SALINITY LEVEL OF THE SOIL PROFILE DOES NOT GO BEYOND THIS LIMIT.Not Availabl

Long-term yield trend and sustainability of rainfed soybean–wheatsystem through farmyard manure application in a sandy loam soil of the Indian Himalayas

A long-term (30 years) soybean–wheat experiment was conducted at Hawalbagh, Almora, India to study the effects of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on grain yield trends of rainfed soybean (Glycine max)–wheat (Triticum aestivum) system and nutrient status (soil C, N, P and K) in a sandy loam soil (Typic Haplaquept). The unfertilized plot supported 0.56 Mg ha−1 of soybean yield and 0.71 Mg ha−1 of wheat yield (average yield of 30 years). Soybean responded to inorganic NPK application and the yield increased significantly to 0.87 Mg ha−1 with NPK. Maximum yields of soybean (2.84 Mg ha−1) and residual wheat (1.88 Mg ha−1) were obtained in the plots under NPK + farmyard manure (FYM) treatment, which were significantly higher than yields observed under other treatments. Soybean yields in the plots under the unfertilized and the inorganic fertilizer treatments decreased with time, whereas yields increased significantly in the plots under N + FYM and NPK + FYM treatments. At the end of 30 years, total soil organic C (SOC) and total N concentrations increased in all the treatments. Soils under NPK + FYM-treated plots contained higher SOC and total N by 89 and 58% in the 0–45 cm soil layer, respectively, over that of the initial status. Hence, the decline in yields might be due to decline in available P and K status of soil. Combined use of NPK and FYM increased SOC, oxidizable SOC, total N, total P, Olsen P, and ammonium acetate exchangeable K by 37.8, 42.0, 20.8, 30.2, 25.0, and 52.7%, respectively, at 0–45 cm soil layer compared to application of NPK through inorganic fertilizers. However,the soil profiles under all the treatments had a net loss of nonexchangeable K, ranging from 172 kg ha−1 under treatment NK to a maximum of 960 kg ha−1 under NPK + FYM after 30 years of cropping. Depletion of available P and K might have contributed to the soybean yield decline in treatments where manure was not applied. The study also showed that although the combined NPK and FYM application sustained long-term productivity of the soybean– wheat system, increased K input is required to maintain soil nonexchangeable K level