Sensitivity Enhancement of Modal Frequencies for Sensing using System Augmentation and Optimal Feedback Auxiliary Signals

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76542/1/AIAA-2008-2085-567.pd

Provenance as First Class Cloud Data

Digital provenance is meta-data that describes the ancestry or history of a digital object. Most work on provenance focuses on how provenance increases the value of data to consumers. However, provenance is also valuable to storage providers. For example, provenance can provide hints on access patterns, detect anomalous behavior, and provide enhanced user search capabilities. As the next generation storage providers, cloud vendors are in the unique position to capitalize on this opportunity to incorporate provenance as a fundamental storage system primitive. To date, cloud offerings have not yet done so. We provide motivation for providers to treat provenance as first class data in the cloud and based on our experience with provenance in a local storage system, suggest a set of requirements that make provenance feasible and attractive.Engineering and Applied Science

Heuristics for simulated annealing search of active sub-networks in bio-molecular interaction networks

Different kinds of ‘omics’ data for several organisms and bio-molecular interaction networks (e.g. reconstructed networks of biochemical reactions and protein-protein physical interactions) are becoming very common nowadays. These bio-molecular networks are being used as a platform to integrate genome-scale ‘omics’ datasets. Identification of sub-networks in these large networks that show maximum collective response to a perturbation is one the interesting problems to solve by using an integrative analysis. Sub-networks can be hypothesized to represent significant collective biological activity due to the underlying interactions between the bio-molecules. The biological activity can be estimated in several ways- for example coordinated change in the expression level (e.g. mRNA). Identifying these regions reduce complexity of the network to be analyzed in greater detail by revealing the regions that are perturbed by a conditionremoving the interactions that are potentially false-positive and not related to the response under study. As the simulated annealing does not guarantee to find the global optimum and may lead to an incomplete picture of the biological phenomenon, we report a method to estimate the theoretical optimal score curve. The simulated annealing algorithm (SA) used in this study is a slightly modified version of the algorithm by Ideker et al.. Each node in the graph is associated with a binary variable turning the node visible or invisible and therefore inducing several sub-graphs. In the standard formulation, the initial solution is obtained by randomly attributing 0 or 1 to the nodes of the graph. Based in concepts described above, we propose an alternative initialization method to improve the performance of the simulated annealing algorithm.Systems Biology as a Driver for Industrial Biotechnology (SYSINBIO

Towards a biologically relevant description of phenotypes based on pathway analysis

In metabolic systems, the cellular network of reactions together with constraints on reversibility of enzymes determine the space of all possible steady-state phenotypes. In actuality, the cell does not invoke the large majority of those in given conditions. We propose a method in two steps to obtain a more precise description of cellular phenotypes through pathway analysis. The first step is based on a modified version of the concept of control effective flux (CEF) [1] and only requires the stoichiometric network. The second step is based on thermodynamic feasibility of reactions and requires measurements of concentrations and thermodynamic properties of the metabolites. CEFs represent the importance of each reaction for efficient and flexible operation of the entire metabolic network. We modified the concept to take into account the reaction directionality within the modes by splitting up the reversible reactions. We observed that directionality of the largest CEF -forward reaction at least two times larger than backward or vice versa- matches well with the measured reaction directions for growth on glucose, glycerol, and acetate as the sole carbon source. We also found that the modified CEFs are good predictors of intra-cellular fluxes for the central carbon metabolism of Escherichia coli and Sacharomyces cerevisiae. The proposed method allows a reduction of up to 51% out of 2706 modes for E. coli and up to 81% out of 191,083 modes for S. cerevisiae, so that only pathways are contained that carry flux matching the measured directions. An alternative reduction can be obtained by assigning reaction directionalities on thermodynamic grounds using anNET [2] and removing the pathways that contain infeasible reactions. The feasibility of the remaining pathways was checked by taking into account irreversibility of the pathways. Depending on the available measurements and its uncertainties, a reduction of up to 31% in the computed pathways was obtained for particular conditions, though no further reduction compared to the CEFs method. Overall, the largest reduction in the number of pathways was obtained using the stiochiometric network as the only input, thus without the requirement for measurements, towards a biologically relevant description of phenotypes

Comparative study of two different doses of nalbuphine attenuating hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing general anesthesia

Background: Various anaesthetic agents have been tried to attenuate pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation. Among the recommended groups intravenous nalbuphine satisfies without much undesired effects. The objective was to study efficacy of two different doses of nalbuphine to attenuate pressor response to laryngoscopy and intubation.Methods: This was hospital based comparative study was carried out at Karnataka institute of Medical Sciences Hospital, Hubli, India. Patients were divided into two groups of 50 each randomly. First group was named as N1 and the second group was named as N2. Patients in N1 were given 0.1mg/kg Nalbuphine in 10ml of normal saline and patients in N2 were given 0.2-0.1mg/kg Nalbuphine in 10ml of normal saline. Appropriated statistical tests were applied like t test, ANOVA. P value if found less than 0.05 was recorded as statistically significant.Results: There was marked increase in HR, SBP, DBP and MAP immediately following laryngoscopy and intubation in the both the groups. Intravenous Nalbuphine given 5 minutes before intubation in the dose of 0.2mgkg-1 body weight effectively attenuated the hemodynamic response after laryngoscopy and intubation. However, there was a rise in HR, SBP, DBP and MAP immediately following intubation in group N2 which was clinically not significant though statistically significant. Side effects like nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression and sedation was not observed in both study groups.Conclusions: Authors concluded that 0.2mg/kg body weight dose of Nalbuphine was found to be more effective than 0.1mg/kg body weight dose of nalbuphine in maintaining the haemodynamics of the patients

Integration of biomass functions of genome-scale metabolic models with experimental data reveals universally essential cofactors in prokaryotes

Knowledge of the core biochemical composition of the cell is critical for genome-scale metabolic modelling. In order to identify the universal core organic cofactors for prokaryotes, we performed a detailed analysis of biomass objective functions (BOFs) of 71 manually curated genome-scale prokaryotic models. These were then compared and integrated with the ModelSEED framework for biomass composition, experimental data on gene essentiality, curated enzyme-cofactor association data and a comprehensive survey of the literature. Surprisingly, no cofactor was present in all the BOFs analysed, including the important redox cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) or its derivatives. Our results indicate not only the redox cofactors but also others such as coenzyme A, flavins and thiamin as universally essential for prokaryotes and therefore as important to include in the BOFs of future genome-scale models of prokaryotic organisms

Emerging Risk Factors for Impaired Lung Function in Chemical Industry Workers of Faisalabad

Objective: To determine the impact, obesity and age on the lung functions determined by PEFR of healthy workers of chemical industries. Methodology:  This was a cross sectional study performed at private medical college of Faisalabad. Three days medical camp was arranged during 2nd to 4th  September 2020 after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. All relevant information including age, residence and history about chemical exposure were recorded in a structured proforma. Obesity was determined on basis of BMI grading. BMI was calculated from estimated Height and weight   PEFR of each participant was determined using Wright’s Peak flow meter.  Data was analyzed by SPSS21. Results: Mean± SD age, height and weight of the studied population was 38.85 ± 12.1, 170.07  ±12.0   and 78.12 ±12.7. lowest PEFR value was found in subjects with age range 61 to 70 years as compred to youger subjects . The mean PEFR value were significantly different  with respect to various age catagoeies with  p value= 0.000 Highest mean PEFR values were found in  taller subjects having height ≥ 180 cm and lowest values were found in subjects with height 150-159 cm,  the difference in means was statisticaly significant with p value= 0.05. Morbid  obese subjects showing comparatively  lower PEFR values in morbid obese  with significant p value =0.002. . PEFR was found to be negatively associated with age ( p- value= 0.000*)  and BMI( p value =0.001*). Our results also showed weak positive association of PEFR with height, however this relation was not found to be statistically significant (p value= 0.081). Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate is negatively associated with increasing BMI and age, reflecting that elderly and obese subjects are more prone to have affected lung function due to exposure to chemical

Emerging Risk Factors for Impaired Lung Function in Chemical Industry Workers of Faisalabad

Objective: To determine the impact, obesity and age on the lung functions determined by PEFR of healthy workers of chemical industries. Methodology:  This was a cross sectional study performed at private medical college of Faisalabad. Three days medical camp was arranged during 2nd to 4th  September 2020 after taking approval from institutional ethical committee. All relevant information including age, residence and history about chemical exposure were recorded in a structured proforma. Obesity was determined on basis of BMI grading. BMI was calculated from estimated Height and weight   PEFR of each participant was determined using Wright’s Peak flow meter.  Data was analyzed by SPSS21. Results: Mean± SD age, height and weight of the studied population was 38.85 ± 12.1, 170.07  ±12.0   and 78.12 ±12.7. lowest PEFR value was found in subjects with age range 61 to 70 years as compred to youger subjects . The mean PEFR value were significantly different  with respect to various age catagoeies with  p value= 0.000 Highest mean PEFR values were found in  taller subjects having height ≥ 180 cm and lowest values were found in subjects with height 150-159 cm,  the difference in means was statisticaly significant with p value= 0.05. Morbid  obese subjects showing comparatively  lower PEFR values in morbid obese  with significant p value =0.002. . PEFR was found to be negatively associated with age ( p- value= 0.000*)  and BMI( p value =0.001*). Our results also showed weak positive association of PEFR with height, however this relation was not found to be statistically significant (p value= 0.081). Conclusion: Peak expiratory flow rate is negatively associated with increasing BMI and age, reflecting that elderly and obese subjects are more prone to have affected lung function due to exposure to chemical

Reduced Order Modeling for Nonlinear Vibration Analysis of Mistuned Multi-Stage Bladed Disks with a Cracked Blade

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/90668/1/AIAA-2011-2065-784.pd

Metabolic models and gene essentiality data reveal essential and conserved metabolism in prokaryotes

If we tried to list every known chemical reaction within an organismhuman, plant or even bacteriawe would get quite a long and confusing read. But when this information is represented in so-called genome-scale metabolic networks, we have the means to access computationally each of those reactions and their interconnections. Some parts of the network have alternatives, while others are unique and therefore can be essential for growth. Here, we simulate growth and compare essential reactions and genes for the simplest type of unicellular speciesprokaryotesto understand which parts of their metabolism are universally essential and potentially ancestral. We show that similar patterns of essential reactions echo phylogenetic relationships (this makes sense, as the genome provides the building plan for the enzymes that perform those reactions). Our computational predictions correlate strongly with experimental essentiality data. Finally, we show that a crucial step of protein synthesis (tRNA charging) and the synthesis and transformation of small molecules that enzymes require (cofactors) are the most essential and conserved parts of metabolism in prokaryotes. Our results are a step further in understanding the biology and evolution of prokaryotes but can also be relevant in applied studies including metabolic engineering and antibiotic design.:This work was supported by grants from: the Fundac ¸ão para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (http:// www.fct.pt) with award number UID/BIO/04469/2013, the European Regional Development Fund (http://www.norte2020.pt) with award number NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000004 (https://www. ceb.uminho.pt/Projects/Details/6040), Horizon 2020 (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/ horizon2020) with award number 686070 (http:// dd-decaf.eu/) and COMPETE2020 with award number POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006684 to JCX and IR and the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (http://www.fct.pt) with award number SFRH/BD/81626/2011 to JCX. The funders had no role in study design, data collectionand analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio