How kinetic property shapes novelty perceptions

would like to thank Amitav Chakravarti, Shanker Krishnan, the Associate Editor, and three anonymous reviewers for their valuable feedback on earlier versions of this manuscript

Bio-inspired dewetted surfaces based on SiC/Si interlocked structures for enhanced-underwater stability and regenerative-drag reduction capability

Drag reduction has become a serious issue in recent years in terms of energy conservation and environmental protection. Among diverse approaches for drag reduction, superhydrophobic surfaces have been mainly researched due to their high drag reducing efficiency. However, due to limited lifetime of plastron (i.e., air pockets) on superhydrophobic surfaces in underwater, the instability of dewetted surfaces has been a sticking point for practical applications. This work presents a breakthrough in improving the underwater stability of superhydrophobic surfaces by optimizing nanoscale surface structures using SiC/Si interlocked structures. These structures have an unequaled stability of underwater superhydrophobicity and enhance drag reduction capabilities, with a lifetime of plastron over 18 days and maximum velocity reduction ratio of 56%. Furthermore, through photoelectrochemical water splitting on a hierarchical SiC/Si nanostructure surface, the limited lifetime problem of air pockets was overcome by refilling the escaping gas layer, which also provides continuous drag reduction effects.119Ysciescopu

Cyber-Empathic Design: A data-driven framework for product design

One of the critical tasks in product design is to map information from the consumer space to the design space. Currently, this process is largely dependent on the designer to identify and map how psychological and consumer level factors relate to engineered product attributes. In this way current methodologies lack provision to test a designer’s cognitive reasoning and could therefore introduce bias while mapping from consumer to design space. Also, current dominant frameworks do not include user-product interaction data in design decision making and neither do they assist designers in understanding why a consumer has a particular perception about a product. This paper proposes a new framework — Cyber-Empathic Design — where user-product interaction data is acquired via embedded sensors in the products. To understand the motivations behind consumer perceptions, a network of latent constructs is used which forms a causal model framework. Structural Equation Modeling is used as the parameter estimation and hypothesis testing technique making the framework falsifiable in nature. To demonstrate the framework and demonstrate its effectiveness a case study of sensor integrated shoes is presented in this work, where two models are compared — one survey based and using the Cyber-Empathic framework model. It is shown that the Cyber-Empathic framework results in improved fit. The case study also demonstrates the technique to test a designers’ cognitive hypothesis.</jats:p

Association between childhood and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms in Korean young adults with Internet addiction

Background and aims Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric comorbidities of Internet addiction (IA); however, the possible mechanisms that contribute to this high comorbidity are still under debate. This study aims to analyze these possible mechanisms by comparing the effect of IA severity and childhood ADHD on inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity in young adults with IA. We hypothesized that IA might have associations with ADHD-like cognitive and behavior symptoms aside from childhood ADHD. Methods Study participants consisted of 61 young male adults. Participants were administered a structured interview. The severity of IA, childhood and current ADHD symptoms, and psychiatry comorbid symptoms were assessed through self-rating scales. The associations between the severity of IA and ADHD symptoms were examined through hierarchical regression analyses. Results Hierarchical regression analyses showed that the severity of IA significantly predicted most dimensions of ADHD symptoms. By contrast, childhood ADHD predicted only one dimension. Discussion The high comorbidity of inattention and hyperactivity symptoms in IA should not solely be accounted by an independent ADHD disorder but should consider the possibility of cognitive symptoms related to IA. Functional and structural brain abnormalities associated with excessive and pathologic Internet usage might be related to these ADHD-like symptoms. Conclusion Inattention and hyperactivity in young adults with IA are more significantly associated with the severity of IA than that of childhood ADHD

Optimizing Quantum Convolutional Neural Network Architectures for Arbitrary Data Dimension

Quantum convolutional neural networks (QCNNs) represent a promising approach in quantum machine learning, paving new directions for both quantum and classical data analysis. This approach is particularly attractive due to the absence of the barren plateau problem, a fundamental challenge in training quantum neural networks (QNNs), and its feasibility. However, a limitation arises when applying QCNNs to classical data. The network architecture is most natural when the number of input qubits is a power of two, as this number is reduced by a factor of two in each pooling layer. The number of input qubits determines the dimensions (i.e. the number of features) of the input data that can be processed, restricting the applicability of QCNN algorithms to real-world data. To address this issue, we propose a QCNN architecture capable of handling arbitrary input data dimensions while optimizing the allocation of quantum resources such as ancillary qubits and quantum gates. This optimization is not only important for minimizing computational resources, but also essential in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computing, as the size of the quantum circuits that can be executed reliably is limited. Through numerical simulations, we benchmarked the classification performance of various QCNN architectures when handling arbitrary input data dimensions on the MNIST and Breast Cancer datasets. The results validate that the proposed QCNN architecture achieves excellent classification performance while utilizing a minimal resource overhead, providing an optimal solution when reliable quantum computation is constrained by noise and imperfections.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figure

Estimating the Biases of the Korean National Cholesterol Proficiency Test

It is recommended that clinical laboratories keep the bias of serum total cholesterol analysis at <= 3.0% compared to a reference method. In Korea, national cholesterol proficiency testing has long been available, but there has been little information about the magnitude of analytical bias. The authors calculated the bias of the peer group mean for Korea`s national cholesterol proficiency test through an indirect approach that overcomes the potential matrix effect of proficiency test materials. One laboratory was selected among the proficiency test participants to represent Korean laboratories. Total cholesterol levels of six fresh serums spanning a wide range of concentrations were measured by the representative laboratory and three reference laboratories. The relationship between the proficiency test mean and the reference method mean was established by linear regression analysis. The peer group mean of the proficiency test was calculated to have a bias of +2.4 to +2.5% at the medical decision levels. When grouped by instrument and reagent, 29 to 66% of the laboratories showed biases < 3.0%. Thus it was determined that the peer group mean of the Korean cholesterol proficiency test has an acceptable level of positive bias. The indirect approach used in this study provides a practical model for estimating cholesterol analytical bias for proficiency testing.Ross JW, 1998, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V122, P587MYERS GL, 2000, CLIN CHEM, V46, P762Cleeman JI, 2001, JAMA-J AM MED ASSOC, V285, P2486, DOI 10.1001/jama.285.19.2486BROTONS C, 2003, EUR J GEN PRACT, V9, P124SHIN HH, 2003, KOR J LIPIDOL, V12, P226MIN WK, 2006, J LAB MED QUAL ASSUR, V28, P1MIN WK, 2007, J LAB MED QUAL ASSUR, V29, P1Teramoto T, 2007, J ATHEROSCLER THROMB, V14, P45MIN WK, 2008, J LAB MED QUAL ASSUR, V30, P1Stockl D, 1996, CLIN CHEM, V42, P469ROSS JW, 1993, ARCH PATHOL LAB MED, V117, P393*NIH, 1993, NIH PUBL*BUR INT POIDS MES, 2009, DAT HIGH ORD REF MAT*CDCP DIV LAB SCI, 2009, CHOL REF METH LAB NEELLERBE P, 1990, CLIN CHEM, V36, P370

Transradial Approach as a Default Route in Coronary Artery Interventions

Advances in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and peri-procedural potent antithrombotic treatments during the past decade have dramatically improved the outcomes of ischemic heart disease. The femoral artery is the vascular route used in PCI in most catheterization labs. However, when the femoral artery is used as the approaching vessel, local hemorrhagic complication is not rare in the era of potent antithrombotics. Recent studies have suggested that peri-procedural bleeding complications after PCI are associated with increased short- and long-term morbidity and mortality. On the other hand, there has been growing interest in transradial PCI due to rare complications at the puncture site, patient conveniences, early discharge and shortened hospitalization periods. Furthermore, the indications of transradial PCI are expanding to the complex lesion subsets due to the miniaturization of devices used, improvement of devices and techniques, and accumulated experience with the use of transradial PCI. In this review, we discuss the data of transradial PCI as a potential default route in coronary artery interventions, as well as other issues that may raise concerns with transradial PCI

Broken Guidewire Fragment in the Radio-brachial Artery During Transradial Sheath Placement: Percutaneous Retrieval via Femoral Approach

A case in which a 0.014" wire was broken during the sheath placement in the radial artery for transradial coronary procedure is described here, and a successful retrieval of it using conventional methods is also described. Through the left femoral artery, the 6 Fr guiding catheter was advanced down to the tip of the broken wire at the brachial artery, and the distal part of the broken guidewire was captivated into the guiding catheter. By inflating the balloon catheter inside of the guiding catheter, seized broken guidewire between the inflated balloon and the guiding catheter was removed successfully by withdrawing the whole system en bloc