THE UTILITY OF HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF EOSINOPHILIC CHROMOPHOBE RENAL CELL CARCINOMA AND ONCOCYTOMA.

Renal oncocytomas and eosinophilic variants of chromophobe renal cell carcinomas have similar histological and cytological features. In order to identify some histological parameters for differentiating these tumours, 51 renal oncocytomas and 32 chromophobe renal cell carcinoma were included in our study. Nuclear, cytoplasmic, structural and stromal features are investigated in both tumours. The presence of well-defined nuclear border, fibrohyalinised scar, stromal oedema and entrapped tubules are found to be significant (p<0,05) for oncocytomas. The presence of necrosis, perinuclear halo and special vascular network are found to be significant (p<0,05) in chromophobe renal cell carcinomas

An unusual presentation of an usual lymphoma: A case report

We report a case of seventy-four year-old male with advanced urinary tract obstruction symptoms and a high serum level of prostate specific antigen. In the microscopic examination of the transrectal ultrasound guided prostate needle biopsy specimens, a diffuse infiltration composed of small lymphocytes which were strongly positive for CD20 and CD5 (30%) and negative for CD3, CD10, CD43 and Tdt. After his referral to the hematology clinics for further investigation to verify a possible low grade lymphoproliferative neoplastic disorder, an absolute lymphocytosis in the peripheral blood and generalized lymphadenopathies were detected. In the bone marrow trephine biopsy, we observed a diffuse infiltration of small lymphocytic lymphoid cells having the same morphological and immunohistochemical features with the cells detected in prostate biopsies. With these findings, we made the diagnosis of small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia and its prostatic involvement

Paratesticular adenomatoid tumor (morphologic and immunohistochemical study of 9 cases)

Almost all solid scrotal masses are malignant tumors. Among these, tumors originating from mesothelium, are usually benign. Adenomatoid tumors constitute the majority of the solid tumors with mesothelial origin. Although adenomatoid tumor can be seen at all ages, it is mostly common in the third and fifth decades. These tumors, which are treated surgically, may pose some diagnostic difficulties

A case of primary immune deficiency presenting with nephrotic syndrome

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most common form of severe antibody deficiency. The disorder is associated with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, including infections and chronic lung, gastrointestinal and autoimmune diseases. A 29-year-old female patient has had frequent sinopulmonary infections and gastroenteritis for the last 20 years and had been given broad-spectrum antibiotics for treatment. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels were at undetectable levels. Renal biopsy was consistent with AA amyloidosis. She is now under follow-up with periodic intravenous Ig treatment without any infection during the last 10 months. CVID must be kept in mind in patients with recurrent sinopulmonary infections

THE CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF FOCAL AND WIDESPREAD SQUAMOUS AND GLANDULAR DIFFERENTIATION IN UROTHELIAL CANCERS OF THE BLADDER

Introduction: The most common histologic type of bladder cancers is urothelial carcinoma, accounting for 90% and 95% of bladder cancers. Urinary bladder carcinomas may sometimes have diverse histologic features, which differ from the conventional urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. These divergent tumors are divided into four major categories as: variant forms of urothelial carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma. In the first category, the most common divergent tumor group is the carcinomas with squamous and/or glandular differentiation. Squamous differentiation occurs in up to 10-20% of urothelial carcinomas of the bladder and glandular differentiation is less common than squamous differentiation. The clinical significance of squamous and glandular differentiation remains uncertain. In this study, we evaluated the effects of focal and widespread squamous and/or glandular differentiation on stage, grade and survival of bladder tumor patients at presentation