Trade Effect of Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) on Indonesia's Shrimp Export

The development of the implementation of non-tariff measure policy, in the world market which has a trend, increased every year. There are seven (7) NTM policies mostly implemented in the international market. The most policy application is the implementation of Technical Barriers to Trade and Sanitary and Phytosanitary. Agricultural commodities both vegetables and live animal products are commodities mostly become subject to NTM policy in the form of SPS (Sanitary and Phytosanitary) and TBT (Technical Barriers on Trade) in the international market. Indonesia as an agricultural country that has advantages in agriculture and fisheries cannot avoid the implementation of SPS and TBT policies. This research was aimed to analyze the effect of SPS and TBT on Indonesia’s shrimp export using the gravity model. The results showed that the GDP of exporters and the exchange rate have negative influences on Indonesia’s shrimp exports. Meanwhile, the GDP of the importers and trade cost have positive influences on the export of shrimp Indonesia. while the SPS policy and TBT don’t affect Indonesia's exports of shrimp in the international market. This indicates that Indonesian shrimp exporters are able to quickly adjust the SPS and TBT policies applied by importing countries

Export of Indonesian cinnamon in international market: competitiveness and performance

The high level of competition in the world cinnamon market causes a downturn in Indonesian cinnamon exports in international market. In 2019-2020, sales of Indonesian cinnamon in international market have experienced a downward trend. This study aimed to analyse the trend of Indonesian cinnamon’s export value in international market in 2001- 2020 compared to Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and China, as the main exporting countries, then analyse the factors influencing the export value of Indonesian cinnamon in the United States, the Netherlands, Brazil, Germany, and Thailand, as main destination countries in international market by adding spatial and competitiveness variables. This study utilized secondary data and time-series data. The data obtained in this study were collected from various data sources such as International Trade Centre, World Bank, WTO, UN Comtrade, Artnet, UNESCAP, Pacific Exchange Rate Service, and other publications related to this research. Data on the performance of Indonesian cinnamon in international market utilized HS 1996 with HS code 0906 (Cinnamon and cinnamon-tree flower) in the 2001-2020 range. The results showed that the exports of Indonesia\u27s cinnamon in international market had a positive trend. Indonesia had a very strong comparative advantage, so the potential to increase Indonesia\u27s market share was very open in international market. The model estimation results showed that trade costs had an insignificant effect on Indonesian cinnamon exports in international market, while other variables, namely the GDP of the importing countries, the GDP of the exporting countries, the exchange rate, population, and competitiveness had a significant influence

Young consumer awareness of halal food in Indonesia

The future of the halal product industry in Indonesia is determined by Indonesian consumers’ demand. Young consumers have a significant role in the development of halal products because 25 percent of consumers in Indonesia are young consumers. Therefore, this research focused on the awareness of young Indonesian consumers to halal products. The purpose of this study was to analyse the factors affecting the awareness of young Indonesian consumers. The data used were cross-section data collected from young consumers of halal products for the 17-25 age group by using 157 respondents. Convenience sampling was used to determine the interview sample. Data were analysed using the Structural Equation Model method. The results show that the young consumer awareness of halal food in Indonesia was high. The factors affecting young consumer awareness were health and religion knowledge

Increasing the Economic Value of Cow Manure Into Vermicompost

The average farmer in Kota Datar Village has a livelihood as a breeder, especially cattle farming. Maintenance is carried out by keeping in the cage all the time, so that animal waste is only left to accumulate around the cage. Moreover, during the rainy season, livestock manure cannot be processed into compost, the resulting pollution has the potential to widen into the realm of social problems. The limited use of livestock manure as compost and its low selling value makes farmers feel unwilling to use it. With the cultivation of earthworms, this manure can produce vermicompost. In addition to the content of nutrients and growth hormones contained in vermicompost, the selling value of the fertilizer is also higher when compared to other compost fertilizers. The method of implementing this service was by conducting socialization and training as well as the practice of making vermicompost.