Selections of donors depending on agronomic traits, seed yield components, and fatty acid profile for genetic improvement of Carthamus using stepwise multiple regression

Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) is of potential interest to agriculture due to mainly variability of fatty acid composition of seeds oil. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various exotic genotypes of safflower for agronomic traits, components of seed yield and fatty acid content. For this purpose, plant height (cm), number of first, second and third branches/plant, seed yield/plant (g), thousand-seed weight (g), oil content (%), and composition of fatty acid were investigated. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to develop fitted equation to predicate seed yield/plant. Analysis of variance of agronomic traits showed high differences among genotypes. Although the safflower oil genotype K2 had the highest oil seed content (42.8%), K13 obtained the highest percentage of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). Highest oleic type of safflower oil has been found in K13 and K26, which can be used as a source oil quality for plant breeding. Heritability as broad sense was high and ranged from 82% in number of secondary branches (NSB) and number of third branches (NTHB) to 99% in seed index (1000 seeds weight) and oil content. High genetic advance was found in plant height (PH), seed yield/plant (SYP) and 1000-seed weight, estimated at 43.41 cm, 21.34 g and 17.62 g, respectively. Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that, 99.2% of the total variation in seed yield/plant could be explained by variation in yield of secondary (YSB) branches, yield of first branches (YFB), yield of third branches (YTHB), plant height (PH) and spiny as dummy variable. 23.56% of the total variation in seed oil percent could be explained by variation in yield of first branches (YFB), seed index and spiny as dummy variable. The information detected here may be a useful tool for the selection of parents in safflower breeding program

Comparison of accuracy of 2D- And 3D-diagnostic methods in analysis of maxillofacial region for cephalometry in orthdontic practice based on literature

Purpose. To determine the orthodontic treatment relevance on the base of meta-analysis of the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies, and to compare the accuracy of 2D and 3D cephalometry to detect them. Materials and methods. Comprehensive literature search on the prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies and comparison of 2D - and 3D-cephalometry results was carried out using two databases. After the selection of the selected criteria, 46 articles on prevalence and 20 articles containing studies on the comparison of teleroentgenogram and CBCT were taken for the analysis. The prevalence was estimated in two groups: analysis of the situation in different regions of the Russian Federation (RF) and prevalence in the world. Results. The analysis of statistical data showed a high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies, the highest figures were recorded in Colombia (88%) and Nigeria (88.2%), the lowest figure was recorded in Iran (29%). Among the RF subjects the highest value was found in Tyumen (89%), the lowest - in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania (42.25%). The analysis of comparison of accuracy of teleroentgenogram and CBCT showed discrepancy in results of the carried-out works at different authors. Conclusion. Need for orthodontic treatment is quite high due to the high prevalence of dentoalveolar anomalies among the population. The advantages and disadvantages of 2D and 3D cephalometry are analyzed. For the final result in comparison to the accuracy requires further clinical and morphological studies.. © 2019 Russian Electronic Journal of Radiology. All rights reserved

Application of polyhexanide as a new highly effective antiseptic composition

Currently, antiseptics are used at all stages of surgical treatment. Currently, the search con-tinues for antiseptics that have effective properties in suppressing pathological microflora and as safe as possible in relation to tissues. One of the promising antiseptic solutions is a solution based on polyhexanide. The aim of this work was to study the available reports on the effectiveness of the polyhexanide solution, its safety, and experience of use. To assess the effectiveness of using a polyhexonide solution as an antiseptic, a search was made for publications in the scientific databases “PubMed” and “Google Scholar”. A total of 2026 scientific articles were found during the search. When studying the content of the texts, 31 articles were accepted for consideration, corresponding to the given criteria. Polyhexanide solution is widely used in surgical practice. In wound healing, antiseptic treatment is one of the key steps. The suppression of the reproduction of pathological microflora and the effect on the biofilm is extremely important. When analyzing the publications, different results were noted using the polyhexanide solution. Studies of the effectiveness of the polyhexanide solution are currently being actively pursued. Due to its significant efficacy, safety, and ease of use, polyhexamethylene biguanide is promising for use in surgical practice. © 2022, Yerevan State Medical University. All rights reserved

Spatial Isolation of Carbon and Silica in a Single Janus Mesoporous Nanoparticle with Tunable Amphiphilicity

Like surfactants with tunable hydrocarbon chain length, Janus nanoparticles also possess the ability to stabilize emulsions. The volume ratio between the hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains in a single Janus nanoparticle is very important for the stabilization of emulsions, which is still a great challenge. Herein, dual-mesoporous Fe3O4@mC&mSiO2 Janus nanoparticles with spatial isolation of hydrophobic carbon and hydrophilic silica at the single-particle level have successfully been synthesized for the first time by using a novel surface-charge-mediated selective encapsulation approach. The obtained dual-mesoporous Fe3O4@mC&mSiO2 Janus nanoparticles are made up of a pure one-dimensional mesoporous SiO2 nanorod with tunable length (50-400 nm), 100 nm wide and 2.7 nm mesopores and a closely connected mesoporous Fe3O4@mC magnetic nanosphere (150 nm diameter, 10 nm mesopores). As a magnetic "solid amphiphilic surfactant", the hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio can be precisely adjusted by varying the volume ratio between silica and carbon domains, endowing the Janus nanoparticles surfactant-like emulsion stabilization ability and recyclability under a magnetic field. Owing to the total spatial separation of carbon and silica, the Janus nanoparticles with an optimized hydrophilic/hydrophobic ratio show spectacular emulsion stabilizing ability, which is crucial for improving the biphasic catalysis efficiency. By selectively anchoring catalytic active sites into different domains, the fabricated Janus nanoparticles show outstanding performances in biphasic reduction of 4-nitroanisole with 100% conversion efficiency and 700 h-1 high turnover frequency for biphasic cascade synthesis of cinnamic acid. ? 2018 American Chemical Society.Acknowledgments The work was supported by the China National Key Basic Research Program (973 Project) (Nos. 2017YFA0207303, 2018YFA0209400 2013CB934100), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC Grant Nos. 21733003, 21701027), Key Basic Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (17JC1400100) Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (18ZR1404600), and Shanghai Sailing Program (17YF1401000). Deanship of Scientific Research at Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University (Research Groups Program Grant Number: RGP-1438-0006)

Thiazole derivatives as inhibitors of cyclooxygenases in vitro and in vivo

Cyclooxygenases (COXs) are important membrane-bound heme containing enzymes important in platelet activation and inflammation. COX-1 is constitutively expressed in most cells whereas COX-2 is an inducible isoform highly expressed in inflammatory conditions. Studies have been carried out to evaluate thiazole derivatives as anti-inflammatory molecules. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo effects of two novel thiazole derivatives compound 1 (N-[4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl] acetamide) and compound 2 (4-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2-methoxyphenol) on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production and COX activity in inflammatory settings. Our results reveal a potent inhibition of both compound 1 (IC50 9.01±0.01 μM) and 2 (IC50 11.65±6.20 μM) (Mean±S.E.M.) on COX-2-dependent PGE2 production. We also determined whether COX-1 activity was inhibited. Using cells stably over-expressing COX-1 and human blood platelets, we showed that compound 1 is a specific inhibitor of COX-1 with IC50 (5.56×10-8±2.26×10-8 μM), whereas compound 2 did not affect COX-1. Both compounds exhibit anti-inflammatory effect in the dorsal air pouch model of inflammation as shows by inhibition of PGE2 secretion. Modeling analysis of docking in the catalytic site of COX-1 or COX-2 further confirmed the difference in the effect of these two compounds. In conclusion, this study contributes to the design of new anti-inflammatory agents and to the understanding of cyclooxygenase inhibition by thiazole.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe