19 research outputs found
A pooled analysis of bladder cancer case-control studies evaluating smoking in men and women
Objective A recent study suggested that risk of bladder cancer may be
higher in women than in men who smoked comparable amounts of cigarettes.
We pooled primary data from 14 case-control studies of bladder cancer
from Europe and North America and evaluated differences in risk of
smoking by gender.
Methods The pooled analysis included 8316 cases (21% women) and 17,406
controls (28% women) aged 30-79 years. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95%
confidence intervals (95% CI) for smoking were adjusted for age and
study. Exposure-response was evaluated in a stratified analysis by
gender and by generalized additive models.
Results The odds ratios for current smokers compared to nonsmokers were
3.9 (95% CI 3.5-4.3) for males and 3.6 (3.1-4.1) for females. In 11 out
of 14 studies, ORs were slightly higher in men. ORs for current smoking
were similar for men (OR = 3.4) and women (OR = 3.7) in North America,
while in Europe men (OR = 5.3) had higher ORs than women (OR = 3.9). ORs
increased with duration and intensity in both genders and the
exposure-response patterns were remarkably similar between genders.
Conclusion These results do not support the hypothesis that women have a
higher relative risk of smoking-related bladder cancer than men