Mothers’ Reflections on Cat Ownership for a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder During COVID-19

Animal- assisted interventions are increasingly used as a complementary therapy in clinical practice to support people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with promising outcomes compared to traditional therapies. Less is understood about the therapeutic benefits of more accessible and affordable small pet ownership for families with a child with ASD, alongside the pets’ welfare living in these homes. This study explored the experiences of cat ownership for young people with ASD from the perspective of their mothers during a time of transition generated by COVID-19. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six mothers and transcripts analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were identified: “Sensory benefits with heightened emotions,” “Special bond between cat and child,” and “Learning through the relationship.” The results highlighted how cat ownership benefited cat and child, encouraging empathy and responsibility skills in children with ASD through the development of a reciprocated relationship between child and cat, while also providing a nurturing home environment for the cats in this study. The relationship and physical presence of each other provided sensory stimulation, a calming influence, and companionship for the children. In conclusion, cats with a sociable and easygoing temperament demonstrated multiple therapeutic benefits for children with ASD and should be considered as an accessible complementary home- based therapy for caregivers who are able to offer a nurturing home to a cat. Cats have the potential to play an important role in a family’s life, particularly for parents managing additional demands and whose children experience sensory overload while outside. Given the importance of cat ownership for children with ASD in this study, this could enhance engagement with clinical practitioners through a shared cat-focused dialogue benefiting the wider development and well- being of children with ASD and their families

When is it OK for children to start drinking fruit juice?

Children should be at least 6 months of age (strength of recommendation [SOR]: C, expert opinion) and parents should provide only 100% fruit juice in a cup (not a bottle). Intake should be limited to 4 to 6 oz a day until 12 months of age (SOR: C, expert opinion). It's important to reiterate to parents that breastfeeding is the preferred source of infant nutrition for the first 6 (preferably 12) months of life (SOR: A, systematic reviews)

Cutting Ties with Pro-Ana: A Narrative Inquiry Concerning the Experiences of Pro-Ana Disengagement from Six Former Site Users.

Websites advocating the benefits of eating disorders (“Pro-Ana”) tend to reinforce and maintain restrictive eating and purging behaviors. Yet remarkably, no study has explored individual accounts of disengagement from these sites and the associated meanings. Using narrative inquiry, this study sought to address this gap. From the interviews of six women, two overarching storylines emerged. The first closely tied disengagement to recovery with varying positions of personal agency claimed: this ranged from enforced and unwelcomed breaks that ignited change, to a personal choice that became viable through the development of alternative social and personal identities. A strong counternarrative to “disengagement as recovery” also emerged. Here, disengagement from Pro-Ana was storied alongside a need to retain an ED lifestyle. With “recovery” being just one reason for withdrawal from Pro-Ana sites, clinicians must remain curious about the meanings individuals ascribe to this act, without assuming it represents a step toward recovery.Peer reviewedFinal Accepted Versio

[[alternative]]A study of consumer purchase intention toward green cosmetics : a perspective of AIDA model

碩士[[abstract]]隨著民眾的生活水準提升與對自己外在觀感的逐漸重視，美妝保養品由過去的奢侈品轉變為現在大部分民眾生活中的必需品，加上近幾年來消費者環保意識的提升，對於環境永續議題逐漸重視，促使各個產業爭相發展綠色相關產品，綠色美妝保養品也在此趨勢下開始發展。據此，本研究將針對台灣消費者對綠色美妝保養品之相關消費者行為進行探究。 而本研究目的在於探討消費者對色美妝保養品之購買意願是否依循AIDA模式傳統路徑，及注意、興趣、慾望對於購買意願的直接影響力。 本研究以SPSS22.0版及LISREL8.7版作為分析工具。 經結構方程模式分析驗證本研究之研究假說，得出以下結論： 一、台灣消費者對於綠色美妝保養品的購買決策過程會依循AIDA模式之傳統路徑。 二、在台灣的綠色美妝保養品市場中，慾望是重要的中介角色，且注意及興趣對購買意願無直接顯著的影響力。[[abstract]]With the improvement of people''s living standards and the gradual attention of their visual perception, cosmetics become necessities from luxury goods for most people. Nowadays, with the improvement of consumer awareness of environmental protection and sustainability. Various industries have developed green products. And green cosmetics have been developed at the same time.Therefore, this study will investigate consumers’ behavior of green cosmetics in Taiwan market. The purpose of this study is to investigate consumers’ purchase intention toward green cosmetics whether would follow the traditional AIDA model or not and the influences of attention, interest and desire toward purchase intention. This study used SPSS22.0 and LISREL 8.7 as the data analysis software. There are two findings from the study: (1) Consumer''s purchase intention toward green cosmetics will follow the traditional AIDA model. (2) Consumers’ desire toward the green cosmetics market in Taiwan has mediation effect, while Attention and Interest have no direct influence on the purchase intention.[[tableofcontents]]目錄 目錄 I 表目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 第一章 緒論1 第一節 研究背景1 第二節 研究動機3 第三節 研究目的4 第四節 研究範圍及對象4 第五節 研究流程5 第二章 文獻回顧6 第一節 綠色美妝保養品之定義與發展概況6 一、綠色美妝保養品之定義6 二、綠色美妝保養品之認證標章及相關規範8 三、綠色美妝保養品之發展概況10 第二節 反應層級模式11 一、認知、情感、行為三階段12 二、AIDA模式（AIDA model）15 三、效果層級模式(Hierarchy-of-effects model)15 四、創新採用模式（Innovation-adoption model）15 第三節 AIDA模式16 一、注意之定義18 二、興趣之定義19 三、慾望之定義20 四、行動之定義21 五、AIDA模式之相關研究23 第四節 綠色美妝保養品之相關研究25 第三章 研究設計27 第一節 觀念架構27 第二節 研究假說28 一、注意、興趣、慾望及購買意願間之關係28 二、注意及興趣對購買意願間之直接關係28 第三節 研究變數之操作性定義與衡量項目30 一、注意30 二、興趣31 三、慾望32 四、購買意願33 第四節 研究數計34 一、問卷設計34 二、問卷發放與回收情況34 第五節 資料分析方法35 一、敘述性統計分析35 二、結構方程模式分析36 第四章 資料分析與結果40 第一節 敘述性統計分析40 一、綠色美妝保養品之認知情形40 二、基本資料分析46 第二節 結構方程模式分析52 一、本研究之結構方程模式52 二、本研究之整體配適度評估56 三、衡量模式之評估57 四、研究假說與驗證結果59 第五章 研究結論與發現63 第一節 研究結論63 第二節 研究發現65 第三節 研究限制與未來建議67 第六章 參考文獻68 一、中文參考文獻68 二、英文參考文獻71 附錄—研究問卷78   表目錄 表2-1 綠色美妝保養品相關之定義彙整表7 表2-2國際綠色驗證標章彙整表8 表2-3反應層級模式（Response hierarchy models）11 表2-4 AIDA模式之相關及延伸模式16 表2-5注意之定義彙整表18 表2-6興趣之定義彙整表19 表2-7慾望之定義彙整表20 表2-8行動之定義彙整表21 表2-9購買意願之定義彙整表22 表2-10 AIDA模式之相關研究23 表2-11綠色美妝保養品之相關研究25 表3-1研究假說彙整表29 表3-2注意之操作性定義及衡量項目30 表3-3興趣之操作性定義及衡量項目31 表3-4慾望之操作性定義及衡量項目32 表3-5購買意願之操作性定義及衡量項目33 表3-6問卷回收情況34 表3-7 LISREL各參數符號說明37 表3-8 整體模式之配適度指標38 表4-1 受試者所知道的綠色美妝保養品分佈情形41 表4-2 受試者之綠色美妝保養品使用經驗分佈情形42 表4-3 使用者有使用過的綠色美妝保養品之品項分佈情形43 表4-4 使用者最常使用過的綠色美妝保養品之品項分佈情形44 表4-5 使用者最常使用的綠色美妝保養品分佈情形45 表4-6 有效樣本之性別分布情形46 表4-7 有效樣本之年齡分布情形47 表4-8 有效樣本之教育程度分佈情形48 表4-9 有效樣本之婚姻狀況分佈情形49 表4-10 有效樣本之職業分佈情形50 表4-11 有效樣本之每月個人所得分佈情形51 表4-12 線性結構模式之參數說明54 表4-13 整體配適度衡量結果56 表4-14 衡量模式之評估58 表4-15 整體之研究假說驗證結果59 表4-16 整體路徑結果效果分析62 圖目錄 圖1-1研究流程圖5 圖2-1標準學習層級13 圖2-2標準學習層級13 圖2-3標準學習層級14 圖2-4標準學習層級14 圖3-1觀念架構圖27 圖4-1本研究整體模式之線性結構分析圖53 圖4-2本研究之路徑結構關係圖61[[note]]學號: 605550028, 學年度: 10

Effects of aromatherapy massage on pain, functional state, and quality of life in an elderly individual with knee osteoarthritis

###EgeUn###Aim: To investigate the effects of aromatherapy massage on pain, functional state and life quality of elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Methods: This controlled and experimental study was conducted in two nursing homes. In this study, 90 elderly individuals with knee osteoarthritis were randomized as aromatherapy, massage and control groups. Data were collected in weeks 0, 4, and 8 using Patient Information Form, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) Knee Osteoarthritis Evaluation Scale, OsteoArthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life Scale (OAKHQoL). Aromatherapy and massage groups received a total of 15–20 min total classic leg massage twice weekly for 3 weeks. In the aromatherapy group, two essential oils (ginger and rosemary) were added to the black seed oil. Results: In the aromatherapy group, WOMAC (pain and functional state) scores were lower and quality of life scores were higher than the massage and control groups in week 4, and these differences were statistically significant (p .05). Conclusions: Aromatherapy massage performed in elderly patients with knee osteoarthritis reduced pain and improved functional status and quality of life. The week 8 findings showed that aromatherapy has more favorable and longer sustained effects than the massage. © 2019 Japan Academy of Nursing Scienc