Hrvatsko arhivsko zakonodavstvo i praksa: između sna i jave

Hrvatski sabor, raspravljajući 1865. godine o prvome hrvatskom arhivskom zakonu, usredotočio se na tri glavna problema: status arhivskog gradiva, centralizaciju arhivskog gradiva u Zemaljskom arhivu i, kao treće, na pitanje njegove dostupnosti. Rasprava je potrajala pet godina prije no što je usvojen zakon 1870. godine. Moj je prijedlog da se usredotočimo na iste tri teme, ali u puno kraćem vremenu. Te su teme središnje i u Zakonu o arhivima i arhivskom gradivu iz 1997. godine, ali ne samo u njemu, već u svakoj raspravi ili oblikovanju arhivske politike, svugdje u svijetu. Pitanju statusa arhivskoga gradiva može se pristupiti na dva različita načina. Prvo, kakav je status središnjeg državnog (nacionalnog) arhiva (i drugih arhivskih ustanova), da li je on samostalna stručna ustanova, odgovorna predsjedniku, Saboru ili ministru (i ako je odgovorna ministru, kojem)? Ova su pitanja podjednako relevantna danas kao i 1865-1870. godine. Novi su izazovi nastali u arhivskome zakonu 1997., kojim su postojeće arhivske ustanove preimenovane u državne arhive, te je predviđen osnutak municipalnih, privatnih i specijaliziranih arhiva, tvoreći – barem na papiru – nacionalnu arhivsku mrežu. No o tome ću biti više govora u drugome dijelu. Treći dio odnosit će se na dostupnost gradiva, dok će se prvi dio baviti i drugim aspektom statusa arhivskoga gradiva, točnije: time što je to arhivsko gradivo

Tacit Narratives: The Meanings of Archives

Archivists and historiansusually consider archives as repositories ofhistorical sources and the archivist as aneutral custodian. Sociologists andanthropologists see ``the archive'' also as asystem of collecting, categorizing, andexploiting memories. Archivists are hesitantlyacknowledging their role in shaping memories. Iadvocate that archival fonds, archivaldocuments, archival institutions, and archivalsystems contain tacit narratives which must bedeconstructed in order to understand themeanings of archives.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/41812/1/10502_2004_Article_359685.pd

キロク ノ パフォーマティヴ パワー

継続的な活性化を通じたアーカイブズのカルティベーションによって、人々やコミュニティは自らのアイデンティティを形成していく。この活性化においては、アーカイブズの意味は認知、感情、意欲の諸モードにおいて構築・再構築される。アーカイブズ文書は情報対象にとどまるものではなく、コミュニケーション・プロセスの構成要素なのである。そのプロセスでは、ドキュメントはパフォーマティヴ・パワーを持ち、それによって何事かを成し遂げ、パフォーマンスの前後でものごとの状態を変化させる。このように、アーカイブズとは、レコード作成者の声だけが吹き込まれた固定的な人工物ではなく、時空間を超えて無限の関与者を巻き込むダイナミックなプロセスなのである。これが、アーカイブズは決して閉じられることがなく、将来に向けて開かれたものであるという所以である。デジタル・アーカイブズは常に生成されつつある状態、すなわち、マイグレーションやデータ復元といった技術、あるいはソーシャル・メディアのアプリケーションによって、常に作成・再現されている状態だと言える。By cultivating archives through successive activations people and communities define identities.In these activations the meanings of archives are constructed and reconstructed in cognitive,affective snd conative modes.Archival documents are not exclusively information objects,but components of communication process.In that process documents can have performative power,they can accomplish something,make a difference in status before and after.Archives are thus not a static artefact imbued with the record creator\u27s voice only,but a dynamic process involving an infinite number of stakeholders in time-space.That is why archives are never closed,but open into the future.Digital archives will always be in a state of becoming,being created and recreated by technologies of migration and reconstruction,and by the use of social media applications.講

Ethnologie archivistique

Ketelaar Eric. Ethnologie archivistique. In: La Gazette des archives, n°192, 2001. pp. 7-20

"Control through Communication" in a Comparative Perspective

In the United States between 1870 and 1920, in The Netherlands and in Germany between 1880 and 1930, business and government agencies adopted new technologies for the production and reproduction of documents, their storage and retrieval. New technologies and genres of downward communication, upward reporting, and internal correspondence were introduced to enhance control through communication. The office became an “innovation junction” of technologies, creating new functions and a new office hierarchy that was reflected in office buildings, lay-out, and furnishing. Technology was an enabling and promoting actor, but not the primary cause of innovation. Committed managers played an important role in introducing new communication technologies. National and international networks of records management specialists and providers of office technologies were equally important. Recognition of the history of control through communication may contribute to understanding current and future adaptation and innovation of record-keeping technologies in their social and cultural contexts.RÉSUMÉ Aux États-Unis entre 1870 et 1920, aux Pays-Bas et en Allemagne entre 1880 et 1930, les organismes gouvernementaux et les entreprises adoptent de nouvelles technologies pour la production, la reproduction, l’entreposage et la recherche de documents. On introduit de nouvelles technologies et styles de communication descendante, de reddition de comptes hiérarchique et de correspondance interne, dans le but de renforcer le contrôle au moyen de la communication. Le bureau devient un nœud d’innovation technologique, créant de nouvelles fonctions et une nouvelle hiérarchie qui se reflètent dans les édifices à bureau, leur aménagement et leur ameublement. La technologie joue un rôle de facilitation et de promotion, mais ne constitue pas la cause première des innovations. Les gestionnaires impliqués jouent un rôle important dans l’introduction des nouvelles techniques de communication; les réseaux nationaux et internationaux de gestionnaires de documents et de fournisseurs de technologie pour le bureau se révèlent tout aussi importants. La reconnaissance de l’importance historique du contrôle par la communication permet de mieux comprendre les innovations présentes et futures des technologies de gestion des documents dans leurs contextes social et culturel

L'accès aux archives dans les Pays-Bas

Ketelaar Eric. L'accès aux archives dans les Pays-Bas. In: La Gazette des archives, n°130-131, 1985. Droit à l’information, droit au secret : la communication des archives contemporaines (actes de la Journée d’études de l’AAF, Paris, 4 décembre 1984) pp. 196-201