Jewish community of Galata according to ser'iyye sicils (1600-1625)

Osmanlı tarihi araştırmaları için Şer'iyye Sicilleri muhtevasında barındırdığı çok çeşitli bilgilerle tarihçilere kaynaklık etmektedir. Hukuki kaynaklığın dışında döneminin siyasi ve iktisadi yönlerine dair veriler ihtiva ettiği gibi sosyal hayatla ilgili de önemli ipuçları barındırır. Biz de çalışmamızda 1600-1625 dönemleri arasında, Osmanlı İstanbulu'nun kozmopolit, farklı inanç zümrelerinin bir arada yaşadığı her yönüyle çok renkli olan Galata bölgesine ait şer'iyye sicillerinden tespit edebildiğimiz "Yahudi" lerle ilgili kayıtları belirleyerek bir değerlendirme yapma gayretinde bulunduk. Çalışmamız, giriş ve üç bölümden oluşmuştur. Giriş bölümünde konumuzun takdimi, amaç ve sınırlarıyla beraber faydalandığımız ana kaynakların kısaca üzerinde durulmuştur. Birinci bölümde, Yahudi kavramı ve Yahudiliğin tarihi süreci anlatıldıktan sonra Osmanlı Yahudileriyle ilgili genel bir inceleme yapılmıştır. İkinci bölümde, Galata'nın adı ve coğrafi konumu, bölgenin tarihi süreçteki gelişimi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Galata'nın diplomasi merkezi haline gelişi, ticari önemi, barındırdığı sosyal hayat ve iskân özellikleri incelenmeye çalışılmıştır. Üçüncü bölüm ise çalışmamızın esas bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. İncelediğimiz dönem içerisinde Galata Şer'iyye Sicillerinde tespit edebildiğimiz Yahudilerin bir şekilde dâhil oldukları kayıtların değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Mahkeme kayıtları idari, ekonomik ve sosyal hayat başlıkları altında incelediğimiz bu bölümün birincil kaynaklarıdır. İdari hayat başlığında, Osmanlı idaresinin Yahudilere bakışı, adli ve hukuki meseleler ele alınmıştır. Ekonomik hayat başlığında, borç ve ticaret ilişkileri, vergi tahsili ve mültezimler, mülk satışı, alışveriş, ferağ gibi meseleler değerlendirilmiştir. Sosyal hayat başlığında ise nüfus ve yerleşme, kölelik, vakıflar, Yahudilerin meslek grupları, Müslüman ve Hıristiyanlarla olan ilişkileri irdelenmiştir.For the Ottoman history researches, historians have a wide variety of sources in the contents of the Seriyye Sicils (court records). Apart from being a judicial source, there are also important clues about social life as well as information about the political and economic aspects of the period. In our work, we made an evaluation of "Jews" who lived between 1600-1625 in the Galata region, where Ottoman Istanbul's multinational beliefs lived together and varied in every aspect, by determining the provisions related to them in the Ser'iyye Sicils. Our work consists of three parts and introduction. In the introduction our subject is introduced briefly, and the main sources we have benefited from are discussed with their purpose and limits. In the first part, a general review of the Ottoman Jews was made after the Jewish concept and its historical development were explained. In the second part, Galata's name and geographical position, and the historical development of the region are discussed. In addition, Galata's attempt to become a diplomatic center, commercial significance, social life and residence characteristics were examined. The third part is the main part of our work. The provisions related to Jews in the Galata Ser'iyye Sicils, who lived in the period we examined, were assessed. The court records are the primary sources of this section which we have examined under the titles of administrative, economic and social life. Under the title of administrative life, the view of the Ottoman administration towards Jews, judicial and legal issues were dealt with. Under the title of economic life, issues such as debt and trade associations, tax collections and faculties, property sales, shopping, and alienation were assessed. And, under the title of social life, population and settlement, slavery, foundations, professional groups of Jews, and their relationship with Muslims and Christians were examined

The effect of idiopathic premature ventricular complexes on left ventricular ejection fraction.

Aim: Current literature lacks a definitive threshold of idiopathic premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden for predicting cardiomyopathy (CMP). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate relationship between the PVC burden and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Method: This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 341 consecutive patients with more than 1,000 idiopathic PVC in 24 hr of Holter monitoring admitted to the cardiology clinics between January 2019 and May 2019 in the nineteen different centers. The primary outcome was the LVEF measured during the echocardiographic examination. Result: Overall, the median age was 50 (38-60) and 139 (49.4%) were female. Percentage of median PVC burden was 9% (IQR: 4%-17.4%). Median LVEF was found 60% (55-65). We used proportional odds logistic regression method to examine the relationship between continuous LVEF and candidate predictors. Increase in PVC burden (%) (regression coefficient (RE) -0.644 and 95% CI -1.063, -0.225, p < .001), PVC QRS duration (RE-0.191 and 95% CI -0.529, 0.148, p = .049), and age (RE-0.249 and 95% CI -0.442, -0.056, p = .018) were associated with decrease in LVEF. This inverse relationship between the PVC burden and LVEF become more prominent when PVC burden was above 5%. A nomogram developed to estimate the individual risk for decrease in LVEF. Conclusion: Our study showed that increase in PVC burden %, age, and PVC QRS duration were independently associated with decrease in LVEF in patients with idiopathic PVC. Also, inverse relationship between PVC burden and LVEF was observed in lower PVC burden than previously known

The effect of idiopathic premature ventricular complexes on left ventricular ejection fraction

Aim Current literature lacks a definitive threshold of idiopathic premature ventricular complex (PVC) burden for predicting cardiomyopathy (CMP). The main objective of the present study was to evaluate relationship between the PVC burden and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Method This multicenter, cross-sectional study included 341 consecutive patients with more than 1,000 idiopathic PVC in 24 hr of Holter monitoring admitted to the cardiology clinics between January 2019 and May 2019 in the nineteen different centers. The primary outcome was the LVEF measured during the echocardiographic examination. Result Overall, the median age was 50 (38-60) and 139 (49.4\%) were female. Percentage of median PVC burden was 9\% (IQR: 4\%-17.4\%). Median LVEF was found 60\% (55-65). We used proportional odds logistic regression method to examine the relationship between continuous LVEF and candidate predictors. Increase in PVC burden (\%) (regression coefficient (RE) -0.644 and 95\% CI -1.063, -0.225, p < .001), PVC QRS duration (RE-0.191 and 95\% CI -0.529, 0.148, p = .049), and age (RE-0.249 and 95\% CI -0.442, -0.056, p = .018) were associated with decrease in LVEF. This inverse relationship between the PVC burden and LVEF become more prominent when PVC burden was above 5\%. A nomogram developed to estimate the individual risk for decrease in LVEF. Conclusion Our study showed that increase in PVC burden \%, age, and PVC QRS duration were independently associated with decrease in LVEF in patients with idiopathic PVC. Also, inverse relationship between PVC burden and LVEF was observed in lower PVC burden than previously known