590 research outputs found
Entropy of spatial monopole currents in pure SU(2) QCD at finite temperature
We study properties of space-like monopole trajectories in the Maximal
Abelian gauge of quenched SU(2) QCD at the finite temperature. We concentrate
on infrared monopole clusters which are responsible for the confinement
properties of the theory. We determine numerically the effective action of the
monopoles projected onto the three-dimensional time-slice. Then we derive the
length distributions of the monopole loops and fix their entropy.Comment: 12 pages, 22 figures, RevTeX
The dual Meissner effect in SU(2) Landau gauge
The dual Meissner effect is observed without monopoles in quenched SU(2) QCD
with Landau gauge-fixing. Abelian as well as non-Abelian electric fields are
squeezed. Magnetic displacement currents which are time-dependent Abelian
magnetic fields play a role of solenoidal currents squeezing Abelian electric
fields. Monopoles are not always necessary to the dual Meissner effect. The
squeezing of the electric flux means the dual London equation and the
massiveness of the Abelian electric fields as an asymptotic field. The mass
generation of the Abelian electric fields is related to a gluon condensate
of mass dimension 2.Comment: 10 page, 12 Postscript figures, Talk presented at Quark Confinement
and the Hadron Spectrum VI 2004, Sardinia, 21-25 Sep 200
A Synergistic Antiobesity Effect by a Combination of Capsinoids and Cold Temperature Through Promoting Beige Adipocyte Biogenesis.
Beige adipocytes emerge postnatally within the white adipose tissue in response to certain environmental cues, such as chronic cold exposure. Because of its highly recruitable nature and relevance to adult humans, beige adipocytes have gained much attention as an attractive cellular target for antiobesity therapy. However, molecular circuits that preferentially promote beige adipocyte biogenesis remain poorly understood. We report that a combination of mild cold exposure at 17°C and capsinoids, a nonpungent analog of capsaicin, synergistically and preferentially promotes beige adipocyte biogenesis and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Gain- and loss-of-function studies show that the combination of capsinoids and cold exposure synergistically promotes beige adipocyte development through the β2-adrenoceptor signaling pathway. This synergistic effect on beige adipocyte biogenesis occurs through an increased half-life of PRDM16, a dominant transcriptional regulator of brown/beige adipocyte development. We document a previously unappreciated molecular circuit that controls beige adipocyte biogenesis and suggest a plausible approach to increase whole-body energy expenditure by combining dietary components and environmental cues
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