Faculty of Agriculture Bogor Agricultural University

Laboratory and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential role of two species of wild crucifers in the preservation of Diadegma eucerophaga Horstman, a parasitoid of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella Linnaeus. In the laboratory, D. eucerophaga developed quite well on P. xylostella larvae fed on leaves of two species of wild cruciferous plants, Nasturtium heterophyllum BL. and Cardamine hirsuta L. These wild crucifers may serve as food and oviposition sites for P. xylostella. In the field, N. heterophyllum and C. hirsuta planted adjacent to insecticide-treated cabbage plots provided refuge for D. eucerophaga parasitoids

Penyimpanan Suhu Rendah Berbagai Fase Hidup Parasitoid: Pengaruhnya Terhadap Parasitisasi Dan Kebugaran Trichogrammatoidea Armigera Nagaraja (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

T. armigera is one of the potential egg parasitoids. The aim of this research was to study the effects of low temperatures ( 9ºC and 15ºC) on the fitness of T. armigera. The design of the experiments is a factorial design with two factors (temperature and age of parasitoid), with 10 replicates. Fitness were measured based on the survival, fertility, size, sex ratio, lifespan and fecundity. Result showed that the emergence of T. armigera was postponed by 2-5 days under low temperatures. Temperatures had a more significant effect than age of parasitoid. The postponement of adult emergence is very useful in regard to field application schedules. Percentage of adults emergence, sex ratio, egg productivity, fecundity tended to decrease under low temperatures, the length of female adult wings varied in each treatment and it tended to be shorter in 9ºC, while the width of female adult heads was almost similar in all treatment except in untreated control. These characters are very important in determining the fitness of the parasitoid in the field

Parameter Kehidupan Dan Demografi Kepik, Diconocoris Hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Pada Dua Varietas Lada

Life parameters and demographic of bug peper laceDiconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) on twopepper varietiesPepper lace bug (PLB), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae), is one of the insect pests attacking pepper in Indonesia.Research was conducted with the objective to compare various life historyand demographic parameters of PLB on two pepper varieties. The effectof two pepper varieties on various life parameters and demographic ofPLB was conducted in green house and farmer field on Bangka Island,since October 2003 to February 2004. The experiment covered the effectof LDL and Chunuk varieties on eggs and nymphal development, maleand female adults longivity and fecundity. Besides the effect ofdevelopment stage on inflorescence, shoots and young berries to adultslongivity were observed. The effect of varieties to demographic parametersof PLB was studied by rearing the bugs since egg to adult laid eggs. Theresult revealed that difference variety was influenced life history anddemographic parameters of PLB. Nymphal development time of PLB were17.3 and 13.0 days, male adult longivity 10.2 and 18.8 days, female adultlongivity 13.6 and 16.9 days, fecundity 13.9 and 24.5 eggs per female,respectively on Chunuk and LDL. The life history of PLB adult was longeron stage-3 inflorescences than stage-1 or stage-2. The intrinsic rates ofincrease (r) were 0.0741 and 0.0827, net reproductive rate (Ro) 6.98 and8.52, mean generation time (T) 26.21 and 25.91 days, finite rate ofincrease (λ) 1.0769 and 1.0862 on Chunuk and LDLrespectively.Generally, variety LDL was much better food source for thedevelopment of D. hewetti. If there were no inflorescences available, thePLB was able to survive by feeding on shoots or young berries. Adultlongivity was 12.1 days on shoots and 23.5 days on young berries. Theimplication of this research is as the basic information in the next researchfor PLB control

Fenologi Pembungaan Dan Kelimpahan Populasi Kepik Diconocoris Hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Pada Pertanaman Lada

Kepik renda lada (KRL), Diconocoris hewetti (Dist.) (Hemiptera:Tingidae) adalah salah satu hama pada pertanaman lada di Indonesia.Hama ini selalu hadir pada perbungaan lada dan bulir bunga lada denganjalan mengisap cairan bunga sebelum menjadi buah. Serangan nimfa danimago pada bunga dan bulir bunga akan mengakibatkan Perubahan warnabunga dari hijau kekuningan menjadi cokelat atau hitam. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui fenologi pembungaan, kelimpahan populasiKRL, dan tingkat kerusakan bunga pada pertanaman lada. Kelimpahan danfenologi pembungaan lada menentukan kelimpahan populasi KRL.Penelitian dilakukan di kebun petani, di Desa Air Anyir, KecamatanMerawang, Kabupaten Bangka Induk, dari Mei 2003 sampai dengan Mei2004, dan di Desa Puput, Kecamatan Simpang Katis Kabupaten BangkaTengah, dari Oktober 2003 sampai dengan Mei 2004. Luas lahanpercobaan masing-masing sekitar 5000 m 2 yang sudah ditanami ladavarietas Chunuk di Air Anyir dan varietas Lampung Daun Lebar (LDL) diPuput. Umur tanaman masing-masing sekitar 5 tahun. Jumlah pohoncontoh di setiap lokasi 24 pohon. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggudengan cara menghitung langsung KRL yang ada pada bulir bunga, sertabanyaknya bunga yang terserang. Pada percobaan lainnya dilakukanpengamatan terhadap perkembangan bulir bunga serta tingkat keguguranfisiologis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola pembungaan ladavarietas Chunuk dan LDL mengikuti pola curah hujan. Rataan banyaknyabulir bunga berkisar antara 2,63-120,59 tandan per pohon pada varietasChunuk, sedangkan pada varietas LDL antara 4,79-153,84 tandan perpohon. Masa perkembangan bulir bunga fase-1 berlangsung 16,6 hari,fase-2 berlangsung 7,6 hari, dan fase-3 berlangsung 6,4 hari. Tidaksemua bulir bunga dan buah muda berhasil menjadi buah siap dipanen(23,14% pada Chunuk mengalami keguguran fisiologis). Keguguranpaling banyak terjadi pada bulir bunga yang berumur 4-5 minggu(17,62%). Rataan kelimpahan kepik renda lebih tinggi (0,042-1,375ekor/pohon) pada varietas LDL dibandingkan pada varietas Chunuk(0,042-0,333 ekor/pohon), terutama selama periode November hinggaApril. Perkembangan populasi kepik renda pada varietas LDL meningkat(1,375 ekor/pohon) selama bulan November hingga Februari, berhubungandengan banyaknya bulir bunga yang tersedia pada periode tersebut.Berdasarkan nisbah ragam terhadap rataan (s 2 /m), populasi kepik D.hewetti umumnya memperlihatkan pola sebaran acak, sedangkan pada saatpopulasi tinggi (1,375 ekor/pohon) memperlihatkan pola sebaranbergerombol. Persentase bulir bunga terserang pada varietas Chunukberkisar antara 0,06-3,85%, sedangkan pada varietas LDL berkisar antara0,34-17,72%. Terdapat hubungan linear varietas Chunuk dan LDL (r =0,87 dan 0,78) yang nyata antara kelimpahan populasi D. hewetti dankerusakan bunga. Varietas LDL lebih rentan dibandingkan dengan varietasChunuk. Pengendalian KRL dapat dilakukan pada awal pembentukanbunga yaitu sejak November

Peningkatan Efikasi Cendawan Lecanicillium Lecanii Untuk Mengendalikan Telur Hama Kepik Coklat Pada Kedelai

Lecanicillium lecanii is considered as an effective entomopathogenic fungi to control eggs of brown stink bug on soybean. Its efficacy is indicated by reducing the level of hatching of brown stink bug eggs. One factor affecting the efficacy of the entomopathogen in the field is its intolerant to sunlight exposure. A research was conducted in the screen house of the Indonesian Legumes and Tuber Crops Research Institute (ILETRI), Malang, from March to August 2008. The study was aimed at determining the effect of addition of vegetable oils on the efficacy of lecanii to control stink bug eggs on soybean. The trial was arranged in a randomized complete design with two factors. The first factor consisted of three vegetable oils i.e, peanut oil, soybean oil, and coconut oil. The second factor consisted of four oil concentration i.e; 2 ml/l, 5 ml/l, 10 ml/l, and without oil (control). Result showed that addition of vegetable oils as adjuvant increased significantly the growth and development of the entomopathogen, as indicated by the increase of colony diameter and number of conidia of lecanii in vitro. The fungal conidia persisted on the soybean plants until seven days after the adjuvant application at the rate of 10 ml/l water, while the conidia persisted only for one day on plants which was not applied with the vegetable oils. Hatchability of the brown stink bug eggs was only 20% when peanut oil was used as an adjuvant. Not all hatched eggs of the brown stink bug developed into adult, hence, the number of adult bugs that cause damages on soybean pods were reduced. In general, the addition of vegetable oil increased efficacy of the entomopathogen up to 40%. Among the vegetable oils tested, peanut oil was the most effective to increase the efficacy of lecanii to control brown stink bug egg on soybean

Persebaran Agens Hayati Neochetina Spp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Di Jawa Barat Dan DKI Jakarta

The establishment of Neochetina spp. as biocontrol agent of waterhyacinth are related to the weevil's ability to disperse and to increase their population sizes. The objective of this research was to study the distribution and abundance of Neochetina spp. at several areas in West Java and DKI Jakarta. The field research was done in several freshwater ecosystem infested by waterhyacinth, including Cibinong and Lido lakes in Bogor, irigation canal in Karawang, Muara Angke Sanctuary in North Jakarta, and Citarum Hulu river in Purwakarta, during April to August 2004. Coordinate and elevation of the research sites where N. eichhorniae and N. bruchi found were reported, while their abundances were observed by direct hand-collection technique. The results of the research showed that N. eichhorniae was widely distributed and established in most sampling sites, except in Karawang, whereas N. bruchi was not found in any sampling sites. Our observations also indicated that N. eichhorniae was distributed passively so that the weevil couldn't colonize isolated habitats or locations

Artropoda Predator Penghuni Ekosistem Persawahan Di Daerah Cianjur, Jawa Barat

Predatory arthropods inhabiting paddy rice ecosystems in Cianjur District, West Java. Predatory arthropods were surveyed in Cianjur District, West Java from July to November 1997, with objectives to observe the species of predatory arthropods inhabiting the ecosystems. Canopy-inhabiting and soil-dwelling arthropods were sampled using D-vac and pitfall traps, respectively. Results indicated that insecta and Arachnida were the most abundant predators in the ecosystem, with the total of 142 species. Predatory insects were dominated by Carabidae (27 species), and Staphylinidae (13 species) and spiders were dominated by Therididae (9 species), and Lycosidae (8 species). Thus, predatory-arthropods inhabiting the sawah ecosystems were very diverse

Wereng Pucuk Mete Sanurus Indecora J (Hemiptera: Flatidae) Sebagai Inang Ngengat Parasitoid (Epipyropidae : Lepidoptera) Di Pertanaman Mete Pulau Lombok

This research was conducted in three areas, which has different in altitudes; those areas are Gangga (50 m), Kayangan (4 m) and Bayan (170 m) above sea levels. The aim of this research was to observe monoculture system of cashew plantations from May 2007 until April 2008. The results of this research were (1) the number of Sanurus indecora J collected from the fields are 38.619 adults, which consist of 19.153 adult of green Sanurus and 19.466 adult of white Sanurus, (2) the number of Sanurus parasitited by Epipyropidae are 5.961 adult from 38.619, (3) the number of white Sanurus infested by Epipyropidae are 3.902 adult and 2.059 adult of green Sanurus, (4) white Sanurus is preferred by Epipyropidae than green Sanurus. Around 20 percent of white Sanurus adult are infested by Epipyropidae, (5) the parsitism of female Sanurus is higher compare to male

Potential of Fungus Metarhizium Brunneum Petch as Bio Insectisides to Control Termite Macrotermes Gilvus Hagen in Castor Plantation

One of the important pest of castor plant (Jatropha curcas L) in Indonesia is termite Macrotermes gilvus. While entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium brunneum has been proven effective against this termite and the subterranean termite M. gilvus in the laboratory, the performance of the fungus in the field need to be studied. The aims of the research are to investigate the cruising distance and colony population of M. gilvus before and after application of M. brunneum. Triple mark recapture technique has been used to predict the termite colony population size. The suspension of fungi at density 1,21x106 conidia ml-1 was poured at each experimental station (150 ml per station). The result showed that in block I (15,210 m2), block II (5,700 m2), block III (27,000 m2); 8, 1 and 15 termite colonies have been detected respectively from which, 150,388; 59,219; and 149,459 individual were found. In block I, the termites cruised as far as 140,5 m, as compared to 140 m in block III. In all blocks, we noted the significant decrease of termite population after application of M. brunneum, from initial population 359,066 to 15,015 individual

Kisaran Inang dan Keragaman Gejala Infeksi Turnip Mosaic Virus

The incidence of mosaic disease on vegetable crops in Indonesia has been reported recently. The disease is caused by TuMV which is considered as a new and important virus on caisin and turnip in Indonesia. Field survey has been conducted to determine disease incidence in vegetable growing areas. Symptom variability and host range of TuMV was further studied through mechanical inoculation to cruciferae and solanaceae plants. Observation during field survey has proved that TuMV has infected caisin and turnip in Java and Bali. The highest intensity of mosaic disease i.e. 63,3% occurs in Tumpangan-Malang, followed by Denpasar Selatan and Bandungan-Semarang with the intensity of 30,5% and 19,0% respectively. TuMV infection causes different types of symptoms, such as: wrinkled leaf, blistered leaf, vein banding, vein clearing, leaf distortion and proliferation. The host range of TuMV involves those plants belong to cruciferae (cabbage, broccoli, caisin, turnip, cauliflower, chinese cabbage, pak coy); solanaceae (N. tabacum, N. benthamiana, N. glutinosa); and chenopodiaceae (C. amaranticolor). Furthermore, N. glutinosa can be used as differential host for TuMV isolates