Quantum Hall Bilayers and the Chiral Sine-Gordon Equation

The edge state theory of a class of symmetric double-layer quantum Hall systems with interlayer electron tunneling reduces to the sum of a free field theory and a field theory of a chiral Bose field with a self-interaction of the sine-Gordon form. We argue that the perturbative renormalization group flow of this chiral sine-Gordon theory is distinct from the standard (non-chiral) sine-Gordon theory, contrary to a previous assertion by Renn, and that the theory is manifestly sensible only at a discrete set of values of the inverse period of the cosine interaction (beta). We obtain exact solutions for the spectra and correlation functions of the chiral sine-Gordon theory at the two values of beta at which the electron tunneling in bilayers is not irrelevant. Of these, the marginal case (beta^2=4) is of greatest interest: the spectrum of the interacting theory is that of two Majorana fermions with different, dynamically generated, velocities. For the experimentally observed bilayer 331 state at filling factor 1/2, this implies the trifurcation of electrons added to the edge. We also present a method for fermionizing the theory at the discrete points (integer beta^2) by the introduction of auxiliary degrees of freedom that could prove useful in other problems involving quantum Hall multilayers.Comment: revtex, epsf; 39 p., 4 figs; corrections to three equations; two-up postscript at http://www.sns.ias.edu/~leonid/csg-2up.p

Hydrology and Meteorology of the Central Alaskan Arctic: Data Collection and Analysis

The availability of environmental data for unpopulated areas of Alaska can best be described as sparse; however, these areas have resource development potential. The central Alaskan Arctic region north of the Brooks Range (referred to as the North Slope) is no exception in terms of both environmental data and resource potential. This area was the focus of considerable oil/gas exploration immediately following World War II. Unfortunately, very little environmental data were collected in parallel with the exploration. Soon after the oil discovery at Prudhoe Bay in November 1968, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) started collecting discharge data at three sites in the neighborhood of Prudhoe Bay and one small watershed near Barrow. However, little complementary meteorological data (like precipitation) were collected to support the streamflow observations. In 1985, through a series of funded research projects, researchers at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), Water and Environmental Research Center (WERC), began installing meteorological stations on the North Slope in the central Alaskan Arctic. The number of stations installed ranged from 1 in 1985 to 3 in 1986, 12 in 1996, 24 in 2006, 23 in 2010, and 7 in 2014. Researchers from WERC also collected hydrological data at the following streams: Imnavait Creek (1985 to present), Upper Kuparuk River (1993 to present), Putuligayuk River (1999 to present, earlier gauged by USGS), Kadleroshilik River (2006 to 2010), Shaviovik River (2006 to 2010), No Name River (2006 to 2010), Chandler River (2009 to 2013), Anaktuvuk River (2009 to 2013), Lower Itkillik River (2012 to 2013), and Upper Itkillik River (2009 to 2013). These catchments vary in size, and runoff generation can emanate from the coastal plain, the foothills or mountains, or any combination of these locations. Snowmelt runoff in late May/early June is the most significant hydrological event of the year, except at small watersheds. For these watersheds, rain/mixed snow events in July and August have produced the floods of record. Ice jams are a major concern, especially in the larger river systems. Solid cold season precipitation is mostly uniform over the area, while warm season precipitation is greater in the mountains and foothills than on the coastal plain (roughly 3:2:1, mountains:foothills: coastal plain).The results reported here are primarily for the drainages of the Itkillik, Anaktuvuk, and Chandler River basins, where a proposed transportation corridor is being considered. Results for 2011 and before can be found in earlier reports.ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... i LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ v LIST OF TABLES .......................................................................................................................... x ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND DISCLAIMER ........................................................................ xiii CONVERSION FACTORS, UNITS, WATER QUALITY UNITS, VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL DATUM, ABBREVIATIONS, AND SYMBOLS ........................................... xiv ABBREVIATIONS, ACRONYMS, AND SYMBOLS .............................................................. xvi 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1 2 PRIOR RELATED PUBLICATIONS .................................................................................... 5 3 STUDY AREA ........................................................................................................................ 7 4 PREVIOUS STUDIES .......................................................................................................... 11 5 METHODOLOGY AND EQUIPMENT .............................................................................. 15 5.1 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ................................................................................. 17 5.2 Discharge Measurements ............................................................................................... 17 5.3 Suspended Sediments ..................................................................................................... 20 5.3.1 River Sediment ........................................................................................................ 21 5.3.2 Suspended Sediment Observations ......................................................................... 21 5.3.3 Suspended Sediment Discharge .............................................................................. 22 5.3.4 Turbidity ................................................................................................................. 23 5.3.5 Bed Sediment Distribution ...................................................................................... 23 5.3.6 Suspended Sediment Grain-Size Distribution ........................................................ 24 6 RESULTS .............................................................................................................................. 25 6.1 Air Temperature and Relative Humidity ........................................................................ 25 6.2 Wind Speed and Direction ............................................................................................. 30 6.3 Net Radiation .................................................................................................................. 38 6.4 Warm Season Precipitation ............................................................................................ 40 6.5 Cold Season Precipitation .............................................................................................. 46 6.6 Annual Precipitation ....................................................................................................... 52 6.7 Soil ................................................................................................................................. 55 6.7.1 Soil Temperature ..................................................................................................... 56 6.7.1.1 Results ................................................................................................................. 57 6.7.2 Soil Moisture ........................................................................................................... 60 6.7.2.1 Results ................................................................................................................. 61 6.8 North Slope Climatology ............................................................................................... 63 6.8.1 Air Temperature ...................................................................................................... 63 6.8.2 Precipitation ............................................................................................................ 65 6.8.2.1 Warm Season Precipitation ................................................................................. 65 6.8.2.2 Cold Season Precipitation ................................................................................... 68 6.8.2.3 Annual Total Precipitation .................................................................................. 70 6.9 Surface Water Hydrology ............................................................................................... 72 6.9.1 Itkillik River ............................................................................................................ 73 6.9.2 Upper Itkillik River ................................................................................................. 74 6.9.2.1 Dye Trace Results, Upper Itkillik River .............................................................. 81 6.9.3 Lower Itkillik River 2013 Breakup and Spring Flood ............................................ 84 6.9.4 Anaktuvuk River ..................................................................................................... 91 6.9.5 Chandler River ...................................................................................................... 100 6.9.6 Additional Field Observations .............................................................................. 107 6.10 River Sediment Results ................................................................................................ 117 6.10.1 Correlation between Isco and Depth-Integrated Samples ..................................... 117 6.10.2 Suspended Sediment Rating Curves ..................................................................... 118 6.10.3 Suspended Sediment Concentrations .................................................................... 119 6.10.4 Suspended Sediment Discharge ............................................................................ 125 6.10.5 Turbidity ............................................................................................................... 129 6.10.6 Bed Sediment Distribution .................................................................................... 134 6.10.7 Suspended Sediment Grain-Size Distribution ...................................................... 136 7 HYDROLOGIC ANALYSIS .............................................................................................. 139 7.1 Precipitation Frequency Analysis ................................................................................. 139 7.2 Manning’s Roughness Coefficient (n) Calculations Revisited .................................... 142 7.3 Hydrological Modeling ................................................................................................ 147 8 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................. 157 9 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 163 10 APPENDICES ..................................................................................................................... 169 Appendix A – Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Appendix B – Wind Speed and Direction: Wind Roses Appendix C – Cumulative Warm Season Precipitation for All Years at Each Station and Cumulative Warm Season Precipitation by Year for All Stations, 2007 to 2013 Appendix D – Soil Temperature and Moisture Content Appendix E – Rating Curves and Discharge Measurement Summarie

Effect of an inhomogeneous external magnetic field on a quantum dot quantum computer

We calculate the effect of an inhomogeneous magnetic field, which is invariably present in an experimental environment, on the exchange energy of a double quantum dot artificial molecule, projected to be used as a 2-qubit quantum gate in the proposed quantum dot quantum computer. We use two different theoretical methods to calculate the Hilbert space structure in the presence of the inhomogeneous field: the Heitler-London method which is carried out analytically and the molecular orbital method which is done computationally. Within these approximations we show that the exchange energy J changes slowly when the coupled dots are subject to a magnetic field with a wide range of inhomogeneity, suggesting swap operations can be performed in such an environment as long as quantum error correction is applied to account for the Zeeman term. We also point out the quantum interference nature of this slow variation in exchange.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figures embedded in tex

Quantum computation with mesoscopic superposition states

We present a strategy to engineer a simple cavity-QED two-bit universal quantum gate using mesoscopic distinct quantum superposition states. The dissipative effect on decoherence and amplitude damping of the quantum bits are analyzed and the critical parameters are presented.Comment: 9 pages, 5 Postscript and 1 Encapsulated Postscript figures. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Analysis of the vertexes ΞQ∗ΞQ′V\Xi_Q^*\Xi'_Q V, ΣQ∗ΣQV\Sigma_Q^*\Sigma_Q V and radiative decays ΞQ∗→ΞQ′γ\Xi_Q^*\to \Xi'_Q \gamma, ΣQ∗→ΣQγ\Sigma_Q^*\to \Sigma_Q \gamma

In this article, we study the vertexes $\Xi_Q^*\Xi'_Q V$ and $\Sigma_Q^* \Sigma_Q V$ with the light-cone QCD sum rules, then assume the vector meson dominance of the intermediate $\phi(1020)$, $\rho(770)$ and $\omega(782)$, and calculate the radiative decays $\Xi_Q^*\to \Xi'_Q \gamma$ and $\Sigma_Q^*\to \Sigma_Q \gamma$.Comment: 28 pages, 4 tables, revised versio

The Gaugino Code

Gauginos might play a crucial role in the search for supersymmetry at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Mass predictions for gauginos are rather robust and often related to the values of the gauge couplings. We analyse the ratios of gaugino masses in the LHC energy range for various schemes of supersymmetry breakdown and mediation. Three distinct mass patterns emerge.Comment: 42 pages, Latex; a discussion of deflected anomaly mediation added, references adde

The impact of the ATLAS zero-lepton, jets and missing momentum search on a CMSSM fit

Recent ATLAS data significantly extend the exclusion limits for supersymmetric particles. We examine the impact of such data on global fits of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) to indirect and cosmological data. We calculate the likelihood map of the ATLAS search, taking into account systematic errors on the signal and on the background. We validate our calculation against the ATLAS determinaton of 95% confidence level exclusion contours. A previous CMSSM global fit is then re-weighted by the likelihood map, which takes a bite at the high probability density region of the global fit, pushing scalar and gaugino masses up.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures. v2 has bigger figures and fixed typos. v3 has clarified explanation of our handling of signal systematic

S4 Flavor Symmetry and Fermion Masses: Towards a Grand Unified theory of Flavor

Pursuing a bottom-up approach to explore which flavor symmetry could serve as an explanation of the observed fermion masses and mixings, we discuss an extension of the standard model (SM) where the flavor structure for both quarks and leptons is determined by a spontaneously broken S4 and the requirement that its particle content is embeddable simultaneously into the conventional SO(10) grand unified theory (GUT) and a continuous flavor symmetry G_f like SO(3)_f or SU(3)_f. We explicitly provide the Yukawa and the Higgs sector of the model and show its viability in two numerical examples which arise as small deviations from rank one matrices. In the first case, the corresponding mass matrix is democratic and in the second one only its 2-3 block is non-vanishing. We demonstrate that the Higgs potential allows for the appropriate vacuum expectation value (VEV) configurations in both cases, if CP is conserved. For the first case, the chosen Yukawa couplings can be made natural by invoking an auxiliary Z2 symmetry. The numerical study we perform shows that the best-fit values for the lepton mixing angles theta_12 and theta_23 can be accommodated for normal neutrino mass hierarchy. The results for the quark mixing angles turn out to be too small. Furthermore the CP-violating phase delta can only be reproduced correctly in one of the examples. The small mixing angle values are likely to be brought into the experimentally allowed ranges by including radiative corrections. Interestingly, due to the S4 symmetry the mass matrix of the right-handed neutrinos is proportional to the unit matrix.Comment: 27 pages, published version with minor change

A Self Assembled Nanoelectronic Quantum Computer Based on the Rashba Effect in Quantum Dots

Quantum computers promise vastly enhanced computational power and an uncanny ability to solve classically intractable problems. However, few proposals exist for robust, solid state implementation of such computers where the quantum gates are sufficiently miniaturized to have nanometer-scale dimensions. Here I present a new approach whereby a complete computer with nanoscale gates might be self-assembled using chemical synthesis. Specifically, I demonstrate how to self-assemble the fundamental unit of this quantum computer - a 2-qubit universal quantum controlled-NOT gate - based on two exchange coupled multilayered quantum dots. Then I show how these gates can be wired using thiolated conjugated molecules as electrical connectors. A qubit is encoded in the ground state of a quantum dot spin-split by the Rashba interaction. Arbitrary qubit rotations are effected by bringing the spin splitting energy in a target quantum dot in resonance with a global ac magnetic field by applying a potential pulse of appropriate amplitude and duration to the dot. The controlled dynamics of the 2-qubit controlled-NOT operation (XOR) can be realized by exploiting the exchange coupling with the nearest neighboring dot. A complete prescription for initialization of the computer and data input/output operations is presented.Comment: 22 pages, 4 figure