FCM clustering using GPS data for defining level of service criteria of urban streets in Indian context

At present speed ranges for Levels of Service (LOS) categories are not well defined for highly heterogeneous traffic flow on urban streets in Indian context. In this regard a study was carried out in the city of Mumbai in India. The objective of this research work is to define free-flow speed ranges of urban street classes and speed ranges of LOS categories. In this regard speed data were collected using GPS palmtop and Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) clustering is used to define the speed ranges. It is found from this study that speed-ranges for LOS categories in Indian context are lower than that mentioned in Highway Capacity Manual

Divisive Analysis (DIANA) of hierarchical clustering and GPS data for level of service criteria of urban streets

Level of Service (LOS) for heterogeneous traffic flow on urban streets is not well defined in Indian context. Hence in this study an attempt is taken to classify urban road networks into number of street classes and average travel speeds on street segments into LOS categories. Divisive Analysis (DIANA) Clustering is used for such classification of large amount of speed data collected using GPS receiver. DIANA algorithm and silhouette validation parameter are used to classify Free Flow Speeds (FFS) into optimal number of classes and the same algorithm is applied on speed data to determine ranges of different LOS categories. Speed ranges for LOS categories (A–F) expressed in percentage of FFS are found to be 90, 70, 50, 40, 25 and 20–25 respectively in the present study. On the other hand, in HCM (2000) it has been mentioned these values are 85 and above, 67–85, 50–67, 40–50, 30–40 and 30 and less percent respectively

Left atrial ball valve thrombus

"Ball valve thrombus" which is a spherical free floating clot in left atrium is an often quoted, but uncommonly encountered complication in patients with severe mitral stenosis of rheumatic origin, who are in atrial fibrillation. We describe the case of a 31-year-old lady with rheumatic heart disease, severe mitral stenosis and moderately severe aortic stenosis who had undergone closed mitral valvotomy 13 years ago. The patient presented with an episode of non-exertional syncope and breathlessness on exertion of 6 months duration and was in normal sinus rhythm. Echocardiography facilitated ante-mortem diagnosis and prompt institution of surgery was life saving

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Not AvailableRunoff from rainfall is an important component of the hydrological cycle. Estimation of runoff is critical for the design of hydrological structures and drainage systems in watersheds. Different soils, land use and water management practices affect runoff differently. In real watersheds, land use, soils and weather conditions vary spatially over the geographical area of the watershed leading to spatial variations in runoff. Also, most watersheds form a part of larger drainage basin or a large watershed consisting of several such sub-watersheds. Each sub-watershed is hydrologically connected to the other sub-watersheds of the basin. A comprehensive Geographical Information System (GIS) based decision support system (DSS) for estimation of runoff that includes the spatial variations in rainfall and natural resources is presented. A DSS is a computer-based information system which serve the management, operations, and planning levels of an organization and help people make decisions about problems that may be rapidly changing and not easily specified in advance. The DSS is developed as a deployable application by integrating independent GIS layers of watershed features created in ArcGIS with MapObjects in Visual Basic software, as a case study for the KK3 watershed in Mahaboobnagar district of Telangana state, India. The DSS generates thematic maps of spatial variations in runoff on individual rainy days for the sub-watersheds.Not Availabl

Observations on the zirconium hydride precipitation and distribution in Zircaloy-4

Hydride precipitation and distribution in hot-rolled and annealed Zircaloy-4 plate samples artificially induced by gaseous hydrogen charging were studied primarily by neutron tomography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and SEM-based electron backscattered diffraction techniques. The precipitated hydride platelet (δ-ZrH1.66) at a hydrogen pressure of 20 atm was found following the {111}δ-ZrH1.66//(0001) α-Zr with the surrounding α-Zr matrix. The microstructural characterization indicated that hydrides with a relatively uniform distribution were precipitated on the rolling-transverse section of the plate, whereas, on the normal-transverse section, a hydride concentration gradient was present with a dense hydride layer near the surface. Further, the neutron tomography investigations clearly identified the nonuniform spatial distribution of hydrides. Thin hydride layers preferentially formed on the sample surface, and the concentrated hydrides precipitating at the edges/corner of the sample were observed. The causes for the localized hydride accumulation were also discussed

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Not AvailableTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR- 2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipeline.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableTomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is an important vegetable crop cultivated in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the world. Low productivity in India is due to occurrence of both biotic and abiotic stresses. Among the biotic stresses, tomato leaf curl disease, bacterial wilt, early blight and Groundnut Bud Necrosis Virus disease have become serious production constraints causing considerable yield loss in the major tomato growing areas of the country. Adoption of multiple disease resistant varieties or F1 hybrids would be the most appropriate way to address these diseases. At ICAR-IIHR, Bengaluru systematic breeding strategies were employed to pyramid genes for resistance to early blight, bacterial wilt and tomato leaf curl diseases and to develop advanced breeding lines& F1 hybrids with triple disease resistance. Stable source of resistance to early blight and bi-partite begomo-virus (Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus) has been identified in Solanum habrochaites LA-1777. Validation with molecular markers linked to tomato leaf curl virus resistance revealed that LA-1777 carryTy2 and other putative resistant genes. Several high yielding dual purpose hybrids were also developed for fresh market and processing with high level of resistance to multiple diseases. Cherry tomato lines have also been bred for high TSS, total carotenoids, total phenols, flavonoids, vitamin C, acidity and lycopene content. IIHR-249-1, IIHR-2101 (Solanum habrochaites LA-1777), IIHR-2866 and IIHR-2864 recorded high values for quality parameters like total carotenoids, lycopene, vitamin C, total phenols, flavonoids and TSS. Drought tolerant root stock has been developed by an interspecific cross between S. habrochaites LA-1777 and S. lycopersicum (15 SB SB). Resistant sources have also been identified against Tuta absoluta, a serious insect pest reported from major tomato growing areas in the country in recent time. High temperature tolerant breeding lines are in pipe line.Not Availabl