Food and Energy Choices for India: A Model for Energy Planning with Endogenous Demand

This paper explores India's choices in the food and energy sectors over the coming decades. For a poor, large and densely populated country like India, many choices in energy intensive sectors are still open, as the present level of energy consumption is low and large resources are not yet committed to particular technologies. The choices in energy supply and energy intensive sectors can be explored simultaneously. Also, this will determine a substantial part of the demand for energy. The model explores the choices available for the development of Indian agriculture in order to see whether development should be land intensive, irrigation intensive, or fertilizer intensive. Since land can also be used for growing firewood, irrigation needs energy, and since fertilizer feedstocks are also important fuels, these choices are explored together with choices in energy supply and energy-intensive uses

Methionine content of some of the important species of Indian fishes

A very little work is reported on the methionine content of Indian fishes. This work was therefore undertaken to determine the methionine content of some of the important varieties of Indian fishes

Soil fertility status of cashew growing soils of Dakshina Kannada district of coastal Karnataka

Soil fertility status of six pedons of cashew growing regions of coastal Karnataka in Dakshina Kannada district were determined. The soils were acidic in reaction, non-saline in nature (free of soluble salts) and low (subsurface soil) to high (surface soil) in organic carbon status. The clay distribution, cation exchange capacity and base saturation of the soils varied from 24.5 to 66.4 per cent, 7.60 to 19.8 cmol (p+) kg-1 and 4 to 32 per cent, respectively. The macronutrients status of the soil samples indicated that the available nitrogen content varied from low to medium in all the pedons, the soils were low in available phosphorus, low to medium in available potassium and available sulphur. Among the DTPA extractable micronutrients, iron and manganese were in sufficient range in most soils, available copper was sufficient and available zinc was deficient. The available macronutrient and micronutrient content were found to decrease with increasing the depth of the soils. Phosphorus and zinc were highly deficient in all the pedons of the cashew growing areas of Dakshina Kannada

Carbon stocks in major cashew growing soils of coastal Karnataka, India

This study was taken up to assess the soil organic carbon (SOC) stock under cashew plantations in different management conditions viz., natural (cashew mixed with forest trees and cashew in scrub land conditions) and intensive management (research stations) in regions/locations of coastal Karnataka. Profile study was undertaken and six major soil series were identified. Horizon-wise soil samples were collected from different layers of soil profiles and the major soil properties viz., bulk density, pH, EC, particle size distribution and SOC were determined using standard laboratory procedures. The SOC stock was high in surface soils (2.0 to 8.23 kg C m-2) compared to subsoils (0.08 to 3.28 kg C m-2) and it decreased with depth. The maximum SOC was found in mixed forest land use system followed by cashew plantation in scrub land and in research farm. The SOC stock in different depths (0-30, 30-100 and 0-100 cm) of the soils varied from 2.37 to 9.70 kg C m-2 and 1.48 to 5.69 kg C m-2, respectively. Result indicated that cashew plantation under natural management has more SOC stock and high carbon sequestration potential-than intensively managed cashew plantations

Nanomaterials and Nanotechnologies for Marine and Membrane Antifouling Applications

The major responsibility of the marine industry includes the global transportation of goods, materials, and people. To cater the longstanding challenges like degradation of materials and biofouling, it has embraced nanotechnology solutions. Nano-technology offered numerous products such as nano-ZnO, nano alumina, and nano silica, etc. to deal with corrosion in a cost-effective manner. Similarly, to address the biofouling in the aquatic environment, hybrid nanocomposites of organic-inorganic materials, photocatalytic nanomaterials, metal and metal oxide nanomaterials (nanoparticles, nanowires, nanorods), etc. are employed as viable agents to create non-toxic or low-toxic antifouling coatings. On the other hand, membrane separation technology plays a significant role in various industries including water treatment plants, food, medicine, pharmacy, biotechnology, etc. in addition to the domestic arena for the purification of drinking water. Such a wonderful technology is being totally disturbed by a troublesome problem and a predominant barrier called membrane fouling, which drastically limits the commercialization of the membranes and the whole membrane industrial technology as well. Hence, this review exclusively throws light on the role of nanomaterials and nanotechnologies developed for the prevention of fouling that occurs on submerged structures and membranes as well and to give possible solutions with increased resilience against challenges to come

The type II-plateau supernova 2017eaw in NGC 6946 and its red supergiant progenitor

We present extensive optical photometric and spectroscopic observations, from 4 to 482 days after explosion, of the Type II-plateau (II-P) supernova (SN) 2017eaw in NGC 6946. SN 2017eaw is a normal SN II-P intermediate in properties between, for example, SN 1999em and SN 2012aw and the more luminous SN 2004et, also in NGC 6946. We have determined that the extinction to SN 2017eaw is primarily due to the Galactic foreground and that the SN site metallicity is likely subsolar. We have also independently confirmed a tip-of-the-red-giant-branch (TRGB) distance to NGC 6946 of 7.73 ± 0.78 Mpc. The distances to the SN that we have also estimated via both the standardized candle method and expanding photosphere method corroborate the TRGB distance. We confirm the SN progenitor identity in pre-explosion archival Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Spitzer Space Telescope images, via imaging of the SN through our HST Target of Opportunity program. Detailed modeling of the progenitor's spectral energy distribution indicates that the star was a dusty, luminous red supergiant consistent with an initial mass of ~15 M ⊙

Track D Social Science, Human Rights and Political Science

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/138414/1/jia218442.pd