Regular and Estimable Inverse Demand Systems: A Distance Function Approach

To be useful for realistic policy simulation in an environment of rapid structural change, inverse demand systems must remain regular over substantial variations in quantities. The distance function is a convenient vehicle for generating such systems. While it directly yields Hicksian inverse demand functions, those functions will not usually have an explicit representation in terms of the observable variables. Note however that this problem need not hinder estimation and could be solved by using the numerical inversion estimation approach. This paper develops the formal theory for using distance functions in this context, and demonstrates the operational feasibility of the method.Inverse Demands; Distance Functions; Numerical Inversion Estimation Method; Separability.

Shrinking limits of silicon MOSFET's: Numerical study of 10-nm-scale devices

We have performed numerical modeling of dual-gate ballistic n-MOSFET's with channel length of the order of 10 nm, including the effects of quantum tunneling along the channel and through the gate oxide. Our analysis includes a self-consistent solution of the full (two-dimensional) electrostatic problem, with account of electric field penetration into the heavily-doped electrodes. The results show that transistors with channel length as small as 8 nm can exhibit either a transconductance up to 4,000 mS/mm or gate modulation of current by more than 8 orders of magnitude, depending on the gate oxide thickness. These characteristics make the devices satisfactory for logic and memory applications, respectively, though their gate threshold voltage is rather sensitive to nanometer-scale variations in the channel length.Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures. Submitted to Special Issue of Superlattices and Microstructures: Third NASA Workshop on Device Modeling, August 199

Injury Severity Score (ISS) vs. ICD-derived Injury Severity Score (ICISS) in a patient population treated in a designated Hong Kong trauma centre

Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) has been the benchmark of mortality risk in trauma centers for over 30 years. TRISS utilizes the Injury Severity Score (ISS) as an index of anatomical injury. This study investigated the efficacy of a new type of index of anatomical injury called the ICD-derived Injury Severity Score (ICISS) compared to the ISS using a logistic regression analysis and a global chi-square test of the areas under the Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curves. We found that the empirically derived ICISS performed as well as the consensus derived ISS with no statistical differences between their respective area under the ROC curves

Reflections, resilience and recovery: a qualitative study of Covid-19's impact on an international adult population's mental health and priorities for support

The impact of the coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic on different countries and populations is well documented in quantitative studies, with some studies showing stable mental health symptoms and others showing fluctuating symptoms. However, the reasons behind why some symptoms are stable and others change are under-explored, which in turn makes identifying the types of support needed by participants themselves challenging. To address these gaps, this study thematically analysed 925 qualitative responses from five open-ended responses collected in the UCL-Penn Global COVID Study between 17 April and 31 July 2021 (Wave 3). Three key themes that comprised 13 codes were reported by participants across countries and ages regarding the impact of Covid-19 on their health, both mental and physical, and livelihoods. These include: (1) Outlook on self/life, (2) Self-improvement, and (3) Loved ones (friends and family). In terms of support, while 2.91% did not require additional support, 91% wanted support beyond financial support. Other unexpected new themes were also discussed regarding vulnerable populations suffering disproportionately. The pandemic has brought into sharp focus various changes in people's mental health, physical health and relationships. Greater policy considerations should be given to supporting citizens' continued access to mental health when considering pandemic recovery

Child externalising and internalising behaviour and parental wellbeing during the Covid-19 pandemic

In this study we surveyed families' experiences with parental depression, stress, relationship conflict and child behavioural issues during 6 months of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic through the Covid-19: Global Social Trust and Mental Health Study. The current analyses used data collected from online surveys completed by adults in 66 countries from 17 April 2020 to 13 July 2020 (Wave I), followed by surveys 6 months later at Wave II (17 October 2020-31 January 2021). Analyses were limited to 175 adult parents who reported living with at least one child under 18 years old at Wave I. Parents reported on children's level of externalising and internalising behaviour at Wave I. At Wave II, parents completed self-reported measures of stress, depression and inter-partner conflict. Child externalising behaviour at Wave I significantly predicted higher levels of parental stress at Wave II, controlling for covariates. Child internalising behaviour at Wave I did not predict parental stress or depression, controlling for covariates. Neither child externalising nor internalising behaviour predicted parental relationship conflict. The overall findings demonstrate that child behaviour likely influenced parental stress during the Covid-19 pandemic. Findings suggest that mental health interventions for children and parents may improve the family system during times of disaster

Large System Analysis of Downlink MISO-NOMA System via Regularized Zero-Forcing Precoding with Imperfect CSIT

This letter studies the multiple-input single-output (MISO) non-orthogonal multiple-access (NOMA) downlink using regularized zero-forcing (RZF) precoding with imperfect channel state information (CSI). We first propose a new user scheduling scheme based on imperfect CSI and a model to characterize the channel correlation between the weak and strong users. Then we derive an approximate expression of the ergodic sum-rate using large-system random matrix theory. This approximation permits us to derive the optimal power allocation scheme that satisfies the rate requirement of the weak users. Simulation results are presented to confirm the accuracy of the approximation and reveal the relationships between the ergodic sum-rate, the channel correlation, and other system parameters

The Cryogenic Target for the G0^0 Experiment at Jefferson Lab

A cryogenic horizontal single loop target has been designed, built, tested and operated for the G$^0$ experiment in Hall C at Jefferson Lab. The target cell is 20 cm long, the loop volume is 6.5 l and the target operates with the cryogenic pump fully immersed in the fluid. The target has been designed to operate at 30 Hz rotational pump speed with either liquid hydrogen or liquid deuterium. The high power heat exchanger is able to remove 1000 W of heat from the liquid hydrogen, while the nominal electron beam with current of 40 $\mu$A and energy of 3 GeV deposits about 320 W of heat into the liquid. The increase in the systematic uncertainty due to the liquid hydrogen target is negligible on the scale of a parity violation experiment. The global normalized yield reduction for 40 $\mu$A beam is about 1.5 % and the target density fluctuations contribute less than 238 ppm (parts per million) to the total asymmetry width, typically about 1200 ppm, in a Q$^2$ bin.Comment: 27 pages, 14 figure

Effective global regularity and empirical modeling of direct, inverse and mixed demand systems

In this paper, we utilize the notion of "effective global regularity" and the intuition stemming from Cooper and McLaren (1996)'s General Exponential Form to develop a family of "composite" (product and ratio) direct, inverse and mixed demand systems. Apart from having larger regularity regions, the resulting specifications are also of potentially arbitrary rank, which can better approximate non-linear Engel curves. We also make extensive use of duality theory and a numerical inversion estimation method to rectify the endogeneity problem encountered in the estimation of the mixed demand systems. We illustrate the techniques by estimating different types of demand systems for Japanese quarterly meat and fish consumption. Results generally indicate that the proposed methods are promising, and may prove beneficial for modeling systems of direct, inverse and mixed demand functions in the future

PO-0698: Clinical outcomes of 4D CBCT-guided stereotactic body radiotherapy for inoperable hepatocellular carcinomas

Poster: Clinical track: Gastrointestinal tumours (upper and lower GI)published_or_final_version3rd ESTRO Forum, Barcelona, Spain, 24-28 April 2015. In Radiotherapy & Oncology, 2015, v. 115, p. S342-S34