29 research outputs found
Review Section : Nature/Nurture Revisited I
Biologically oriented approaches to the study of human conflict have thus far been limited largely to the study of aggression. A sample of the literature on this topic is reviewed, drawing upon four major approaches: comparative psychology, ethology (including some popularized accounts), evolutionary-based theories, and several areas of human physiology. More sophisticated relationships between so-called "innate" and "acquired" determinants of behavior are discussed, along with the proper relevance of animal behavior studies for human behavior. Unless contained in a comprehensive theory which includes social and psychological variables, biolog ically oriented theories (although often valid within their domain) offer at best severely limited and at worst highly misleading explanations of complex social conflicts. The review concludes with a list of several positive contributions of these biological approaches and suggests that social scientists must become more knowledgeable about them.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68270/2/10.1177_002200277401800206.pd
Bruno Touschek: particle physicist and father of the electron-positron collider
This article gives a brief outline of the life and works of the Austrian
physicist Bruno Touschek, who conceived, proposed and, 50 years ago, brought to
completion the construction of AdA, the first electron-positron storage ring.
The events which led to the approval of the AdA pro ject and the Franco-Italian
collaboration which con- firmed the feasibility of electron-positron storage
rings will be recalled. We shall illustrate Bruno Touschek's formation both as
a theoretical physicist and as an expert in particle accelerators during the
period be- tween the time he had to leave the Vienna Staat Gymnasium in 1938,
because of his Jewish origin from the maternal side, until he arrived in Italy
in the early 1950s and, in 1960, proposed to build AdA, in Frascati. The events
which led to Touschek's collaboration with Rolf Wideroe in the construction of
the first European betatron will be de- scribed. The article will make use of a
number of unpublished as well as previously unknown documents, which include an
early correspon- dence with Arnold Sommerfeld and Bruno Touschek's letters to
his family in Vienna from Italy, Germany and Great Britain. The impact of
Touschek's work on students and collaborators from University of Rome will be
illustrated through his work on QED infrared radiative corrections to high
energy e+e- experiments and the book Meccanica Statistica.Comment: To be published in EPJ