Use of age-dependent FRAX-based intervention thresholds for Singapore

Summary Assessment and treatment pathways based on age-specific intervention thresholds in Singapore using FRAX paths can be used to identify patients at high risk of fracture and avoid unnecessary treatment in those at low risk. Purpose Intervention thresholds for the treatment of osteoporosis have been based historically on the measurement of bone mineral density. The development of FRAX® has permitted a more accurate assessment of fracture risk. The aim of the present study was to explore treatment paths and characteristics of women selected for treatment in Singapore based on FRAX. Methods The approach to the setting of intervention and assessment thresholds used the methodology adopted by the National Osteoporosis Guideline Group for FRAX-based guidelines in the UK but based on the epidemiology of fracture and death in Singapore. The methodology was applied to women age 50 years or more drawn from the population-based Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) cohort. Missing data for the calculation of FRAX was simulated using data from Chinese cohorts from Hong Kong. Results Intervention thresholds expressed as a 10-year probability of a major osteoporotic fracture ranged from 2.9% at the age of 50 years increasing to 32% at the age of 90 years. A total of 1927 of 29,323 women (7%) had a prior fragility fracture and would be eligible for treatment for this reason. An additional 3019 women (10.3%) would be eligible for treatment on the basis of age-dependent thresholds. The mean BMD T-score of women so selected was −2.94. Conclusion Probability-based assessment of fracture risk using age-specific intervention thresholds was developed for Singapore to help guide decisions about treatment

In vitro demonstration of squeeze flow at the instant of mechanical valve closure

American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Bioengineering Division (Publication) BED3975-76ASMB

In vitro squeeze-flow phenomena at the instant of mechanical valve closure

Journal of Artificial Organs32162-165JAOR

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Not AvailableRice grows mostly in tropical and subtropical regions, but it is very sensitive to higher temperature during reproductive stage especially flowering and anthesis. It is necessary to identify genetic donors for heat stress from high temperature rice growing environments. Temperature stress effects at reproductive stage by adopting three different planting dates with 15 days interval each in Environment-1(E1), Environment-2(E2) and Environment-3(E3) with forty three rice genotypes was studied. The temperature regimes were 35.6°C (E1) to 39.2°C (E3) at reproductive stage. From the results of AMMI analysis, the environment (E2) was found to be ideal for better identification of genotypes for heat tolerance with desirable traits. The elevated temperature at the time of flowering and maturity determines the yield per se of the genotypes. The hybrids adapted better than parental lines, showing the buffering nature and heterosis for stress tolerance. Under high temperature stress, the response of genotypes depended on developmental stage, but highest sensitivity was recorded at reproductive stage. The time of sowing, days to flowering (duration group), heat escape (early morning flowering) and inbuilt tolerance were the crucial factors in determining the performance of genotypes to varying temperature. Hence, it is necess ary to select genotypes by keeping in view the above factors for different temperature stress within and across the environment.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableRice grows mostlyICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Researc