467 research outputs found
On Exact Superpotentials, Free Energies and Matrix Models
We discuss exact results for the full nonperturbative effective
superpotentials of four dimensional supersymmetric U(N) gauge
theories with additional chiral superfield in the adjoint representation and
the free energies of the related zero dimensional bosonic matrix models with
polynomial potentials in the planar limit using the Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model
prescription and integrating in and out. The exact effective superpotentials
are produced including the leading Veneziano-Yankielowicz term directly from
the matrix models. We also discuss how to use integrating in and out as a tool
to do random matrix integrals in the large limit.Comment: 14 pages; v2: typos corrected; v3: the scheme for computing exact
superpotentials including both the Veneziano-Yankielowicz term and all
instanton corrections directly using matrix models is emphasized and
references added, to appear in JHE
Note on the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Boson of Meta-stable SUSY Violation
Many models of meta-stable supersymmetry (SUSY) breaking lead to a very light
scalar pseudo-Nambu Goldstone boson (PNGB), P, associated with spontaneous
breakdown of a baryon number like symmetry in the hidden sector. Current
particle physics data provide no useful constraints on the existence of P. For
example, the predicted decay rates for both K --> pi + P, b--> s + P and
Upsilon --> photon + P are many orders of magnitude below the present
experimental bounds. We also consider astrophysical implications of the PNGB
and find a significant constraint from its effect on the evolution of red
giants. This constraint either rules out models with a hidden sector gauge
group larger than SU(4), or requires a new intermediate scale, of order at most
10^{10} GeV, at which the hidden sector baryon number is explicitly broken.Comment: 17 pages, 3 figures. Version 2: minor typographical errors fixed.
Version 3: a more reliable estimate for the decay rate of K-->pi+PNGB is
provided, and the predicted rate for b-->s+PNGB is now include
Complication prevalence following use of tutoplast-derived human acellular dermal matrix in prosthetic breast reconstruction: A retrospective review of 203 patients
SummaryUse of human acellular dermal matrix (ADM) during prosthetic breast reconstruction has increased. Several ADM products are available produced by differing manufacturing techniques. It is not known if outcomes vary with different products. This study reports the complication prevalence following use of a tutoplast-derived ADM (T-ADM) in prosthetic breast reconstruction. We performed a retrospective chart review of 203 patients (mean follow-up times 12.2 months) who underwent mastectomy and immediate prosthetic breast reconstruction utilizing T-ADM, recording demographic data, surgical indications and complication (infection, seroma, hematoma, wound healing exceeding three weeks and reconstruction failure). During a four-year period, 348 breast reconstructions were performed Complications occurred in 16.4% of reconstructed breasts. Infection occurred in 6.6% of breast reconstructions (3.7% – major infection, requiring intravenous antibiotics and 2.9% minor infection, requiring oral antibiotics only). Seromas occurred in 3.4% and reconstruction failure occurred in 0.6% of breast reconstructions. Analysis suggested that complication prevalence was significantly higher in patients with a BMI >30 (p = 0.03). The complication profile following T-ADM use is this series is comparable to that reported for with other ADM products. T-ADM appears to be a safe and acceptable option for use in ADM-assisted breast reconstruction
Trends in Real Food Prices in Six Sub-Saharan African Countries
Demand and Price Analysis, Downloads July 2008-July 2009: 12,
Neutralino, axion and axino cold dark matter in minimal, hypercharged and gaugino AMSB
Supersymmetric models based on anomaly-mediated SUSY breaking (AMSB)
generally give rise to a neutral wino as a WIMP cold dark matter (CDM)
candidate, whose thermal abundance is well below measured values. Here, we
investigate four scenarios to reconcile AMSB dark matter with the measured
abundance: 1. non-thermal wino production due to decays of scalar fields ({\it
e.g} moduli), 2. non-thermal wino production due to decays of gravitinos, 3.
non-thermal wino production due to heavy axino decays, and 4. the case of an
axino LSP, where the bulk of CDM is made up of axions and thermally produced
axinos. In cases 1 and 2, we expect wino CDM to constitute the entire measured
DM abundance, and we investigate wino-like WIMP direct and indirect detection
rates. Wino direct detection rates can be large, and more importantly, are
bounded from below, so that ton-scale noble liquid detectors should access all
of parameter space for m_{\tz_1}\alt 500 GeV. Indirect wino detection rates via
neutrino telescopes and space-based cosmic ray detectors can also be large. In
case 3, the DM would consist of an axion plus wino admixture, whose exact
proportions are very model dependent. In this case, it is possible that both an
axion and a wino-like WIMP could be detected experimentally. In case 4., we
calculate the re-heat temperature of the universe after inflation. In this
case, no direct or indirect WIMP signals should be seen, although direct
detection of relic axions may be possible. For each DM scenario, we show
results for the minimal AMSB model, as well as for the hypercharged and gaugino
AMSB models.Comment: 29 pages including 13 figure
EVR-CB-001: An Evolving, Progenitor, White Dwarf Compact Binary Discovered with the Evryscope
We present EVR-CB-001, the discovery of a compact binary with an extremely low-mass (0.21 ± 0.05M o) helium core white dwarf progenitor (pre-He WD) and an unseen low-mass (0.32 ± 0.06M o) helium white dwarf (He WD) companion. He WDs are thought to evolve from the remnant helium-rich core of a main-sequence star stripped during the giant phase by a close companion. Low-mass He WDs are exotic objects (only about 0.2% of WDs are thought to be less than 0.3 M o), and are expected to be found in compact binaries. Pre-He WDs are even rarer, and occupy the intermediate phase after the core is stripped, but before the star becomes a fully degenerate WD and with a larger radius (≈0.2R o) than a typical WD. The primary component of EVR-CB-001 (the pre-He WD) was originally thought to be a hot subdwarf (sdB) star from its blue color and under-luminous magnitude, characteristic of sdBs. The mass, temperature (T eff = 18,500 ± 500 K), and surface gravity () solutions from this work are lower than values for typical hot subdwarfs. The primary is likely to be a post-red-giant branch, pre-He WD contracting into a He WD, and at a stage that places it nearest to sdBs on color-magnitude and T eff-log(g) diagrams. EVR-CB-001 is expected to evolve into a fully double degenerate, compact system that should spin down and potentially evolve into a single hot subdwarf star. Single hot subdwarfs are observed, but progenitor systems have been elusive
Mixed Wino Dark Matter: Consequences for Direct, Indirect and Collider Detection
In supersymmetric models with gravity-mediated SUSY breaking and gaugino mass
unification, the predicted relic abundance of neutralinos usually exceeds the
strict limits imposed by the WMAP collaboration. One way to obtain the correct
relic abundance is to abandon gaugino mass universality and allow a mixed
wino-bino lightest SUSY particle (LSP). The enhanced annihilation and
scattering cross sections of mixed wino dark matter (MWDM) compared to bino
dark matter lead to enhanced rates for direct dark matter detection, as well as
for indirect detection at neutrino telescopes and for detection of dark matter
annihilation products in the galactic halo. For collider experiments, MWDM
leads to a reduced but significant mass gap between the lightest neutralinos so
that chi_2^0 two-body decay modes are usually closed. This means that dilepton
mass edges-- the starting point for cascade decay reconstruction at the CERN
LHC-- should be accessible over almost all of parameter space. Measurement of
the m_{\tz_2}-m_{\tz_1} mass gap at LHC plus various sparticle masses and cross
sections as a function of beam polarization at the International Linear
Collider (ILC) would pinpoint MWDM as the dominant component of dark matter in
the universe.Comment: 29 pages including 19 eps figure
Mixed Higgsino Dark Matter from a Large SU(2) Gaugino Mass
We observe that in SUSY models with non-universal GUT scale gaugino mass
parameters, raising the GUT scale SU(2) gaugino mass |M_2| from its unified
value results in a smaller value of -m_{H_u}^2 at the weak scale. By the
electroweak symmetry breaking conditions, this implies a reduced value of \mu^2
{\it vis \`a vis} models with gaugino mass unification. The lightest neutralino
can then be mixed Higgsino dark matter with a relic density in agreement with
the measured abundance of cold dark matter (DM). We explore the phenomenology
of this high |M_2| DM model. The spectrum is characterized by a very large wino
mass and a concomitantly large splitting between left- and right- sfermion
masses. In addition, the lighter chargino and three light neutralinos are
relatively light with substantial higgsino components. The higgsino content of
the LSP implies large rates for direct detection of neutralino dark matter, and
enhanced rates for its indirect detection relative to mSUGRA. We find that
experiments at the LHC should be able to discover SUSY over the portion of
parameter space where m_{\tg} \alt 2350-2750 ~GeV, depending on the squark
mass, while a 1 TeV electron-positron collider has a reach comparable to that
of the LHC. The dilepton mass spectrum in multi-jet + \ell^+\ell^- + \eslt
events at the LHC will likely show more than one mass edge, while its shape
should provide indirect evidence for the large higgsino content of the decaying
neutralinos.Comment: 36 pages with 26 eps figure
Exploring the BWCA (Bino-Wino Co-Annihilation) Scenario for Neutralino Dark Matter
In supersymmetric models with non-universal gaugino masses, it is possible to
have opposite-sign SU(2) and U(1) gaugino mass terms. In these models, the
gaugino eigenstates experience little mixing so that the lightest SUSY particle
remains either pure bino or pure wino. The neutralino relic density can only be
brought into accord with the WMAP measured value when bino-wino co-annihilation
(BWCA) acts to enhance the dark matter annihilation rate. We map out parameter
space regions and mass spectra which are characteristic of the BWCA scenario.
Direct and indirect dark matter detection rates are shown to be typically very
low. At collider experiments, the BWCA scenario is typified by a small mass gap
m_{\tilde Z_2}-m_{\tilde Z_1} ~ 20-80 GeV, so that tree level two body decays
of \tilde Z_2 are not allowed. However, in this case the second lightest
neutralino has an enhanced loop decay branching fraction to photons. While the
photonic neutralino decay signature looks difficult to extract at the Fermilab
Tevatron, it should lead to distinctive events at the CERN LHC and at a linear
e^+e^- collider.Comment: 44 pages, 21 figure
Mixed Higgsino Dark Matter from a Reduced SU(3) Gaugino Mass: Consequences for Dark Matter and Collider Searches
In gravity-mediated SUSY breaking models with non-universal gaugino masses,
lowering the SU(3) gaugino mass |M_3| leads to a reduction in the squark and
gluino masses. Lower third generation squark masses, in turn, diminish the
effect of a large top quark Yukawa coupling in the running of the higgs mass
parameter m_{H_u}^2, leading to a reduction in the magnitude of the
superpotential mu parameter (relative to M_1 and M_2). A low | mu | parameter
gives rise to mixed higgsino dark matter (MHDM), which can efficiently
annihilate in the early universe to give a dark matter relic density in accord
with WMAP measurements. We explore the phenomenology of the low |M_3| scenario,
and find for the case of MHDM increased rates for direct and indirect detection
of neutralino dark matter relative to the mSUGRA model. The sparticle mass
spectrum is characterized by relatively light gluinos, frequently with
m(gl)<<m(sq). If scalar masses are large, then gluinos can be very light, with
gl->Z_i+g loop decays dominating the gluino branching fraction. Top squarks can
be much lighter than sbottom and first/second generation squarks. The presence
of low mass higgsino-like charginos and neutralinos is expected at the CERN
LHC. The small m(Z2)-m(Z1) mass gap should give rise to a visible
opposite-sign/same flavor dilepton mass edge. At a TeV scale linear e^+e^-
collider, the region of MHDM will mean that the entire spectrum of charginos
and neutralinos are amongst the lightest sparticles, and are most likely to be
produced at observable rates, allowing for a complete reconstruction of the
gaugino-higgsino sector.Comment: 35 pages, including 26 EPS figure
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