37,074 research outputs found
Refugees, trauma and adversity-activated development
The nature of the refugee phenomenon is examined and the position of mental health professionals is located in relation to it. The various uses of the word 'trauma' are explored and its application to the refugee context is examined. It is proposed that refugees' response to adversity is not limited to being traumatized but includes resilience and Adversity-Activated Development (AAD). Particular emphasis is given to the distinction between resilience and AAD. The usefulness of the 'Trauma Grid' in the therapeutic process with refugees is also discussed. The Trauma Grid avoids global impressions and enables a more comprehensive and systematic way of identifying the individual refugee's functioning in the context of different levels, i.e. individual, family, community and society/culture. Finally, I discuss implications for therapeutic work with refugees
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N-heterocyclic carbene tethered amido complexes of palladium and platinum
Assentication: User Deauthentication and Lunchtime Attack Mitigation with Seated Posture Biometric
Biometric techniques are often used as an extra security factor in
authenticating human users. Numerous biometrics have been proposed and
evaluated, each with its own set of benefits and pitfalls. Static biometrics
(such as fingerprints) are geared for discrete operation, to identify users,
which typically involves some user burden. Meanwhile, behavioral biometrics
(such as keystroke dynamics) are well suited for continuous, and sometimes more
unobtrusive, operation. One important application domain for biometrics is
deauthentication, a means of quickly detecting absence of a previously
authenticated user and immediately terminating that user's active secure
sessions. Deauthentication is crucial for mitigating so called Lunchtime
Attacks, whereby an insider adversary takes over (before any inactivity timeout
kicks in) authenticated state of a careless user who walks away from her
computer. Motivated primarily by the need for an unobtrusive and continuous
biometric to support effective deauthentication, we introduce PoPa, a new
hybrid biometric based on a human user's seated posture pattern. PoPa captures
a unique combination of physiological and behavioral traits. We describe a low
cost fully functioning prototype that involves an office chair instrumented
with 16 tiny pressure sensors. We also explore (via user experiments) how PoPa
can be used in a typical workplace to provide continuous authentication (and
deauthentication) of users. We experimentally assess viability of PoPa in terms
of uniqueness by collecting and evaluating posture patterns of a cohort of
users. Results show that PoPa exhibits very low false positive, and even lower
false negative, rates. In particular, users can be identified with, on average,
91.0% accuracy. Finally, we compare pros and cons of PoPa with those of several
prominent biometric based deauthentication techniques
Systematic review of psychological approaches to the management of neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia
Objective: The authors systematically reviewed the literature on psychological approaches to treating the neuropsychiatric symptoms of dementia.Method: Reports of studies that examined effects of any therapy derived from a psychological approach that satisfied prespecified criteria were reviewed. Data were extracted, the quality of each study was rated, and an overall rating was given to each study by using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine criteria.Results: A total of 1,632 studies were identified, and 162 satisfied the inclusion criteria for the review. Specific types of psychoeducation for caregivers about managing neuropsychiatric symptoms were effective treatments whose benefits lasted for months, but other caregiver interventions were not. Behavioral management techniques that are centered on individual patients' behavior or on caregiver behavior had similar benefits, as did cognitive stimulation. Music therapy and Snoezelen, and possibly sensory stimulation, were useful during the treatment session but had no longer-term effects; interventions that changed the visual environment looked promising, but more research is needed.Conclusions: Only behavior management therapies, specific types of caregiver and residential care staff education, and possibly cognitive stimulation appear to have lasting effectiveness for the management of dementia-associated neuropsychiatric symptoms. Lack of evidence regarding other therapies is not evidence of lack of efficacy. Conclusions are limited because of the paucity of high-quality research ( only nine level-1 studies were identified). More high-quality investigation is needed
Ultimate behavior of idealized composite floor elements at ambient and elevated temperature
This paper is concerned with the ultimate behavior of composite floor slabs under extreme loading situations resembling those occurring during severe building fires. The study focuses on the failure state associated with rupture of the reinforcement in idealized slab elements, which become lightly reinforced in a fire situation due to the early loss of the steel deck. The paper describes a fundamental approach for assessing the failure limit associated with reinforcement fracture in lightly reinforced beams, representing idealized slab strips. A description of the ambient-temperature tests on isolated restrained elements, carried out to assess the influence of key material parameters on the failure conditions, is firstly presented. The results of a series of material tests, undertaken mainly to examine the effect of elevated temperature on ductility, are also described. A simplified analytical model is employed, in conjunction with the experimental findings, to assess the salient material parameters and their implications on the ultimate response at both ambient and elevated temperature. © 2009 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Holographic Penta and Hepta Quark State in Confining Gauge Theories
We study a new embedding solutions of D5 brane in an asymptotic
AdS space-time, which is dual to a confining gauge
theory. The D5 brane is wrapped on as in the case of the vertex of
holographic baryon. However, the solution given here is different from the
usual baryon vertex in the point that it couples to -anti-quarks and
quarks on the opposite two points of , the north and south poles,
respectively. The total quark number of this state is preserved as when
minus one is assigned to anti-quark, then it forms a color singlet like the
baryon. However, this includes anti-quarks and quarks, whose number is larger
than that of the baryon. When we set as , we find the so called penta
and hepta-quark states. We study the dynamical properties of these states by
solving the vertex and string configurations for such states. The mass spectra
of these states and the tension of the stretched vertex are estimated, and they
are compared with that of the baryon.Comment: 24 pages, 6 figure
Automatic, fast and robust characterization of noise distributions for diffusion MRI
Knowledge of the noise distribution in magnitude diffusion MRI images is the
centerpiece to quantify uncertainties arising from the acquisition process. The
use of parallel imaging methods, the number of receiver coils and imaging
filters applied by the scanner, amongst other factors, dictate the resulting
signal distribution. Accurate estimation beyond textbook Rician or noncentral
chi distributions often requires information about the acquisition process
(e.g. coils sensitivity maps or reconstruction coefficients), which is not
usually available. We introduce a new method where a change of variable
naturally gives rise to a particular form of the gamma distribution for
background signals. The first moments and maximum likelihood estimators of this
gamma distribution explicitly depend on the number of coils, making it possible
to estimate all unknown parameters using only the magnitude data. A rejection
step is used to make the method automatic and robust to artifacts. Experiments
on synthetic datasets show that the proposed method can reliably estimate both
the degrees of freedom and the standard deviation. The worst case errors range
from below 2% (spatially uniform noise) to approximately 10% (spatially
variable noise). Repeated acquisitions of in vivo datasets show that the
estimated parameters are stable and have lower variances than compared methods.Comment: v2: added publisher DOI statement, fixed text typo in appendix A
Evaluation of mTOR-regulated mRNA translation.
mTOR, the mammalian target of rapamycin, regulates protein synthesis (mRNA translation) by affecting the phosphorylation or activity of several translation factors. Here, we describe methods for studying the impact of mTOR signalling on protein synthesis, using inhibitors of mTOR such as rapamycin (which impairs some of its functions) or mTOR kinase inhibitors (which probably block all functions).To assess effects of mTOR inhibition on general protein synthesis in cells, the incorporation of radiolabelled amino acids into protein is measured. This does not yield information on the effects of mTOR on the synthesis of specific proteins. To do this, two methods are described. In one, stable-isotope labelled amino acids are used, and their incorporation into new proteins is determined using mass spectrometric methods. The proportions of labelled vs. unlabeled versions of each peptide from a given protein provide quantitative information about the rate of that protein's synthesis under different conditions. Actively translated mRNAs are associated with ribosomes in polyribosomes (polysomes); thus, examining which mRNAs are found in polysomes under different conditions provides information on the translation of specific mRNAs under different conditions. A method for the separation of polysomes from non-polysomal mRNAs is describe
Implementation of the Crisis Resolution Team model in adult mental health settings: a systematic review.
Crisis Resolution Teams (CRTs) aim to offer an alternative to hospital admission during mental health crises, providing rapid assessment, home treatment, and facilitation of early discharge from hospital. CRTs were implemented nationally in England following the NHS Plan of 2000. Single centre studies suggest CRTs can reduce hospital admissions and increase service users' satisfaction: however, there is also evidence that model implementation and outcomes vary considerably. Evidence on crucial characteristics of effective CRTs is needed to allow team functioning to be optimised. This review aims to establish what evidence, if any, is available regarding the characteristics of effective and acceptable CRTs
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