Cyclic voltammetry of tris(2,2-bipyridine)zinc(II) diperchlorate detected by electron spin resonance

Electrochemical transformations of the tris(2,2-bipyridine) complex of zinc(II) perchlor- ate were studied by cyclic voltammetry detected by electron spin resonance (DESR CV), which made it possible to indentify the intermediates formed and to monitor the unpaired electron localization in them. © 2013 Springer Science+Business Media, Inc

Spectroelectrochemistry: ESR of Paramagnetic Intermediates in the Electron Transfer Series [Cr(bpy)<inf>3</inf>]ⁿ (n = 3+, 2+, 1+, 0, 1-)

© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. A new method of cyclic voltammetry with simultaneous ESR spectra multiple recording (CV-MRESR) has been proposed and implemented. Along with cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electron spin resonance (ESR), the combined method involving cyclic voltammetry and ESR (CV-ESR) has been used for the study of electron transfer in a series of complexes [Cr(bpy)3]n (n = 3+, 2+, 1+, 0, 1-)

Highly active Pd-Ni nanocatalysts supported on multicharged polymer matrix

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017. In this article, we report the synthesis of mono- and bimetallic Pd-Ni nanocomposites supported on a multicharged polymeric matrix for catalytic applications. The morphology and catalytic properties of the composites depend on the Pd-Ni ratio. In the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, the composite with an equal amount of palladium and nickel is the most active and the reaction occurs within six hours in water at room temperature

Highly active Pd-Ni nanocatalysts supported on multicharged polymer matrix

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2017. In this article, we report the synthesis of mono- and bimetallic Pd-Ni nanocomposites supported on a multicharged polymeric matrix for catalytic applications. The morphology and catalytic properties of the composites depend on the Pd-Ni ratio. In the Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction, the composite with an equal amount of palladium and nickel is the most active and the reaction occurs within six hours in water at room temperature

A Ni(III) complex stabilized by silica nanoparticles as an efficient nanoheterogeneous catalyst for oxidative C-H fluoroalkylation

© The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016.We have developed NiIII-doped silica nanoparticles ([(bpy)xNiIII]@SiO2) as a recyclable, low-leaching, and efficient oxidative functionalization nanocatalyst for aromatic C-H bonds. The catalyst is obtained by doping the complex [(bpy)3NiII] on silica nanoparticles along with its subsequent electrooxidation to [(bpy)xNiIII] without an additional oxidant. The coupling reaction of arenes with perfluoroheptanoic acid occurs with 100% conversion of reactants in a single step at room temperature under nanoheterogeneous conditions. The catalyst content is only 1% with respect to the substrates under electrochemical regeneration conditions. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture and reused a minimum of five times. The results emphasize immobilization on the silica support and the electrochemical regeneration of NiIII complexes as a facile route for developing an efficient nanocatalyst for oxidative functionalization

Preventive effect of N-stearoylethanolamine on memory disorders, blood and brain biochemical parameters in rats with experimental scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment

The impairment of cognitive functions is the most studied medical and social problem nowadays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effects of N-stearoylethanolamine (NSE) on memory state, blood and brain biochemical parameters in rats under scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. The results of this study shown that NSE administration to rats per os (5 mg/kg, 5 days, during last 3 days NSE was administrated 20 min prior to scopolamine injection (1 mg/kg, once daily for 3 days, intraperitoneally)) prevented the development of memory impairment. In particular, NSE action was associated with the prevention of increase in acetylcholinesterase activity, changes in phospholipid, free and esterified cholesterol level in hippocampus and frontal cortex, and disruption in pro-/antioxidant balance in blood and studied brain sections. Considering the above mentioned biological effects, NSE is a promising drug candidate for integrative therapy of cognitive impairment of different profiles

Заболеваемость острыми кишечными инфекциями в Санкт-Петербурге на фоне пандемии COVID-19

The results of a study of modern epidemiological and characteristics of acute intestinal infections against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic are presented. The article reflects current trends in the frequency of detection of acute intestinal infections of viral and bacterial etiology, in particular, the growing prevalence of norovirus infection is shown. Particular attention is paid to the increase in the incidence of salmonellosis and campylobacteriosis. An increase in the incidence of salmonellosis in 2019 by 25.7% is shown, which is higher than the average long-term incidence rate by 28.1%. Age features of the incidence of viral and bacterial intestinal infections among children have been established. Given the widespread use of antibiotics or other drugs that change the intestinal microbial landscape (cytostatics, chemotherapy drugs), as well as a significant increase in the number of hospitalizations of patients, there is a high risk of developing antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Undoubted attention requires the problem of registration, diagnosis of clostridium infections, which make it difficult to obtain data on the prevalence of infection caused by Clostridium difficile in the Russian Federation and St. Petersburg. The article discusses in detail the possibilities for further improvement of measures to prevent the transmission of acute intestinal infections.Представлены результаты исследования современных эпидемиологических и особенностей острых кишечных инфекций на фоне пандемии COVID-19. В статье отражаются современные тренды изменения частоты выявления острых кишечных инфекций вирусной и бактериальной этиологии, в частности, показана растущая распространенность норовирусной инфекции. Особое внимание уделено росту заболеваемости сальмонеллёзом и кампилобактериозом. Показан рост в 2019 г. заболеваемости сальмонеллезом на 25,7%, что выше среднемноголетнего уровня заболеваемости на 28,1%. Установлены возрастные особенности заболеваемости вирусными и бактериальными кишечными инфекциями среди детей. Учитывая широкое применение антибиотиков или других препаратов, изменяющий микробный пейзаж кишечника (цитостатики, химиотерапевтические препараты), а также значительное возрастание количества госпитализаций пациентов, создается высокий риск развития антибиотик-ассоциированных диарей. Несомненного внимания требует проблема регистрации, диагностики клостридиозов, затрудняющая получение данных о распространённости инфекции, вызванной Clostridium difficile, в РФ и Санкт-Петербурге. В статье подробно обсуждаются возможности дальнейшего совершенствования мер профилактики передачи острых кишечных инфекций

Multidrug Resistance of <i>F. tularensis</i> subsp. <i>holarctica</i>, Epizootiological and Epidemiological Analysis of the Situation on Tularemia in the Russian Federation in 2022 and Forecast for 2023

The review provides concise information on the innate ability of cells of the tularemia pathogen, Francisella tularensis subsp. Holarctica, to resist antimicrobials through a variety of mechanisms, leading to its multi-resistance. In total, taking into account new territories, 120 cases of human infection were registered in the Russian Federation in 2022. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying degrees of intensity were detected in 58 constituent entities. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were reported in 18 regions of the country. An outbreak of tularemia occurred in the Stavropol Territory; the disease of mild and moderate severity was found in 76 people. The increased incidence of tularemia persists in the Republic of Karelia with severe cases of the disease in the absence of immunoprophylaxis of this infection in the region. A total of 61 cultures of the tularemia pathogen F. tularensis subsp. holarctica, out of which 20 erythromycin-resistant strains were isolated in the Stavropol Territory. In addition, 8 cultures of F. tularensis subsp. mediasiatica from a silt sample and mites Dermacentor silvarum and Haemaphysalis concinna caught in the Republic of Altai were isolated. On the territory of the Russian Federation in 2022, 930 999 people were vaccinated and revaccinated against tularemia. Based on the analysis of the data obtained in 2022, epidemic complications in 2023 in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population are most likely to occur in the territories of the Central Federal District – in the Vladimir, Ryazan and Smolensk Regions; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk Region and the Republic of Karelia; Southern Federal District – in the Volgograd and Rostov Regions. The situation in the North Caucasian Federal District will remain tense in the Stavropol Territory; in the Volga Federal District – in the territories of the Saratov Region, as well as in the Kirov Region and the Republic of Mordovia; Ural Federal District – in Khanty-Mansi and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts; Siberian Federal District – in certain territories of Omsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk Regions, Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territories; in the Far Eastern Federal District, the most intense epizootic activity of natural tularemia foci is in Primorsky Krai

Silica Nanospheres Coated by Ultrasmall Ag⁰Nanoparticles for Oxidative Catalytic Application

© 2017 Elsevier B.V. The present work introduces optimal modifiсation of core-shell composite nanomaterial, where small (2–8 nm) Ag 0 nanoparticles are deposited onto large (about 140 nm) silica spheres for application in oxidative catalysis. The size of Ag 0 and density of its deposition onto silica spheres was modified by the post treatment of initially deposited Ag 0 (about 30 nm) by hydrogen peroxide in specific conditions. The comparison of catalytic effect of the post-treated and initial SN-Ag 0 in electrochemical phosphonation of benzo(thia)oxazoles by diethyl phosphite in oxidative conditions revealed the difference between the composite nanoparticles. In particular, the post-treated SNs-Ag 0 nanoparticles exhibit efficient catalytic effect in oxidative conditions resulting in facile and green method for synthesis of phosphonated benzooxa(thia)zoles, while no catalytic effect is observed under the use of larger Ag 0 nanoparticles deposited onto silica spheres. The use of Ag 0 -based nanomaterial in oxidative catalysis had been never demonstrated before

Дифиллоботриоз: вопросы диагностики, терапии, профилактики

Helminthiases are found in the group of the most common and socially significant human infectious diseases. According to current data, at least 1 billion people are infected with helminths or pathogenic infections. One of the most important and widespread human biohelminth parasites in the Russian Federation is the broad-spectrum tapeworm (Diphyllobothrium latum). The absence of specific clinical diagnosis, as well as the predominance of latent forms, determines the presence of diphyllobothriasis disease. The aim of the study was to summarize current data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory manifestations and therapy of diphyllobothriasis.  Materials and methods. Clinical cases of diphyllobothriasis were analyzed among patients who were treated in January to November 2022 in the departments of the daytime period of clinical observation of the infectious diseases hospital named after S.P. Botkin, as well as the department of incidents detected and the clinical diagnostic center of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases. Cases of the use of diseases, data from laboratory and instrumental studies, and therapy were evaluated. The most informative of them is given as a clinical example. The article also describes in detail the current biological and epidemiological features of Diphyllobothrium latum, the characteristic clinical picture of diseases and the most frequent complications.  Results. Diphyllobothriasis still remains one of the most vulnerable biohelminthiases in Russia, typical for some patients of different ages. Verification of the diagnosis of “diphyllobothriasis” can be of the nature of an “accidental finding” during screening scatological or instrumental studies; upon admission, patients themselves begin to suspect helminthiasis when fragments of the strobila worm are found in the feces. To identify a conditional diagnosis of the pattern of clinical and laboratory infection (exclusion of a complicated course of diseases, helminthiases of a different etiology) and to determine risk factors for the transmission of diseases for the prevention of infections. Гельминтозы составляют группу наиболее распространенных и социально значимых инфекционных заболеваний человека. По современным данным, не менее 1 миллиарда людей инфицированы гельминтами или патогенными простейшими. Одним из наиболее крупных и широко распространённых в Российской Федерации биогельминтов-паразитов человека является лентец широкий (Diphyllobothrium latum). Отсутствие специфической клинической картины, а также преобладание латентных форм обусловливает трудности диагностики дифиллоботриоза. Цель: обобщение современных данных об эпидемиологии, патогенезе, клинико-лабораторных проявлениях и терапии дифиллоботриоза.  Материалы и методы. Проанализированы клинические случаи дифиллоботриоза среди пациентов, проходивших лечение в период с января по ноябрь 2022 г. в отделении дневного пребывания Клинической инфекционной больницы им. С.П. Боткина, а также в отделении кишечных инфекций и клинико-диагностическом центре Детского научно-клинического центра инфекционных болезней. Оценивались клинические проявления заболевания, данные лабораторных и инструментальных исследований, проводимая терапия. Наиболее информативный из них приведён в качестве клинического примера. В статье также подробно описаны актуальные биологические и эпидемиологические особенности Diphyllobothrium latum, характерная клиническая картина заболевания и наиболее частые осложнения.  Результаты. Дифиллоботриоз остается одним из наиболее распространённых биогельминтозов России, характерных для пациентов различных возрастов. Верификация диагноза «Дифиллоботриоз» может носить характер случайной находки при скриннинговых копрологических или инструментальных исследованиях, в ряде случаев пациенты сами начинают подозревать у себя гельминтоз при обнаружении в испражнениях фрагментов стробилы червя. Для установления окончательного диагноза целесообразно проведение клиниколабораторного обследования (исключение осложнённого течения заболевания, гельминтозов другой этиологии) и уточнения факторов риска передачи заболевания для профилактики повторных заражений.