A Fast Eigen Solution for Homogeneous Quadratic Minimization with at most Three Constraints

We propose an eigenvalue based technique to solve the Homogeneous Quadratic Constrained Quadratic Programming problem (HQCQP) with at most 3 constraints which arise in many signal processing problems. Semi-Definite Relaxation (SDR) is the only known approach and is computationally intensive. We study the performance of the proposed fast eigen approach through simulations in the context of MIMO relays and show that the solution converges to the solution obtained using the SDR approach with significant reduction in complexity.Comment: 15 pages, The same content without appendices is accepted and is to be published in IEEE Signal Processing Letter

Tunnel current in self-assembled monolayers of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane

The current density-voltage (J-V) characteristics of self assembled monolayers of 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) chemisorbed on the native oxide surface of p+-doped Si demonstrate the excellent tunnel dielectric behavior of organic monolayers down to 3 carbon atoms. The J-V characteristics of MPTMS SAMs on Si are found to be asymmetric, and the direction of rectification has been found to depend upon the applied voltage range. At voltages < 2.45V, the reverse bias current was found to be higher than forward bias current; while at higher voltages this trend was reversed. This result is in agreement with Simmons theory. The tunnel barrier heights for this short chain (2.56 and 2.14 eV respectively at Au and Si interfaces) are in good agreement with the ones for longer chains (>10 carbon atoms) if the chain is chemisorbed at the electrodes. These results extend all previous experiments on such molecular tunnel dielectrics down to 3 carbon atoms. This suggests that these molecular monolayers, having good tunnel behavior (up to 2.5 eV) over a large bias range, can be used as gate dielectric well below the limits of Si-based dielectrics.Comment: Small, in pres

Diesel price hikes and farmer distress: the myth and the reality

FuelsDiesel oilPricesFarmers attitudesPumpingCostsGroundwater irrigationWellsOwnershipEconomic impactWater productivityFarm incomeMilk production

A Study of Qualitative Correlations Between Crucial Bio-markers and the Optimal Drug Regimen of Type-I Lepra Reaction: A Deterministic Approach

Mycobacterium leprae is a bacteria that causes the disease Leprosy (Hansen's disease), which is a neglected tropical disease. More than 200000 cases are being reported per year world wide. This disease leads to a chronic stage known as Lepra reaction that majorly causes nerve damage of peripheral nervous system leading to loss of organs. The early detection of this Lepra reaction through the level of bio-markers can prevent this reaction occurring and the further disabilities. Motivated by this, we frame a mathematical model considering the pathogenesis of leprosy and the chemical pathways involved in Lepra reactions. The model incorporates the dynamics of the susceptible schwann cells, infected schwann cells and the bacterial load and the concentration levels of the bio markers $IFN-\gamma$, $TNF-\alpha$, $IL-10$, $IL-12$, $IL-15$ and $IL-17$. We consider a nine compartment optimal control problem considering the drugs used in Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) as controls. We validate the model using 2D - heat plots. We study the correlation between the bio-markers levels and drugs in MDT and propose an optimal drug regimen through these optimal control studies. We use the Newton's Gradient Method for the optimal control studies

Marker-Trait Association for Fruit Characters in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Cultivars

In the present study, putative marker-trait associations were identified within a core collection of mango cultivars by simple-sequence-repeat marker based association study. A panel of 48 mango varieties which represented the core collection of the South-West region of India, were characterized at the molecular level using 31 simple sequence repeat markers. Morphological characterization included important fruit characteristics viz., fruit weight, total soluble solids (TSS), pulp content and acidity. The study on population structure revealed two sub-groups in the core collection. Association analysis, computed by General Linear Model (GLM), using TASSEL resulted in the identification of seven markers being associated with the trait titrable acidity where as one marker each of the traits fruit weight and TSS. These traitspecific markers were highly significant at p&lt;0.05 and explained a good amount of phenotypic variation by exhibiting substantial R2 values ranging from 0.71 to 0.86 for acidity, 0.61 for TSS and 0.59 for fruit weight. This is the first report on marker-trait associations (MTA) in mango

Mango Breeding in India - Past and Future

The mango (Mangifera indica&nbsp;L.) is one of the most important tropical fruits of India in which improvement has been attempted since the early 20th&nbsp;Century. The species,&nbsp;M. indica, having originated in India, has a large diversity within the country. Extensive surveys have located several wild species of importance, many of them figuring in the IUCN Red List. Conservation and evaluation of these species, as well as the large seedling diversity, needs attention as these could be a source for important traits. Strategies of&nbsp;in situ,&nbsp;ex situ&nbsp;and 'onfarm' conservation should from a priority at this juncture. Hybridization has resulted in several hybrids. Widening of genetic base in polyembryonic varieties and identification of zygotic embryos through markers is the need of the hour for utilization in breeding programmes. Although several of these have not become popular, they can be very well used as pre-breeding lines. Use of molecular markers for selection will greatly reduce time taken for developing improved varieties. Strategies other than hybridization, viz., selection among open-pollinated progenies, should be adopted for identifying better recombinants, as, a large number of progenies are available in this method

MATHEMATICAL MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF GRID CONNECTED SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM

This paper presents the mathematical modeling of three-phase grid connected inverter fed by Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) system with Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). Analysis has been carried out to choose the proper modulation index for maximum output for three-phase inverter. With this modulation index, the variation of the active and reactive power for different loads has been presented along with major parameters like Transfer ratio and Efficiency. Also the Real and Reactive power output of the SPV has been measured with various solar Radiation levels

Tamm plasmon polariton in planar structures: A brief overview and applications

Tamm plasmon provides a new avenue in plasmonics of interface states in planar multilayer structures due to its strong light matter interaction. This article reviews the research and development in Tamm plasmon polariton excited at the interface of a metal and a distributed Bragg reflector. Tamm plasmon offers an easy planar solution compared to patterned surface plasmon devices with huge field enhancement at the interface and does not require of any phase matching method for its excitation. The ease of depositing multilayer thin film stacks, direct optical excitation, and high-Q modes make Tamm plasmons an attractive field of research with potential practical applications. The basic properties of the Tamm plasmon modes including its dispersion, effect of different plasmon active metals, coupling with other resonant modes and their polarization splitting, and tunability of Tamm plasmon coupled hybrid modes under externally applied stimuli have been discussed. The application of Tamm plasmon modes in lasers, hot electron photodetectors, perfect absorbers, thermal emitters, light emitting devices, and sensors have also been discussed in detail. This review covers all the major advancements in this field over the last fifteen years with special emphasis on the application part

Varate Giduga (Acc. No. 21067; IC No. 418238) : A unique mango (Mangifera indica L.) variety

Varate Giduga is one of the unique variety from Sirsi region of Karnataka. The tree is Semi-circular shaped with dense foliage, leaves about 25cm long; dark green in colour with wavy margin. It is a very consistent and heavy producer. The fruit of this tree matures by mid-April and fruit has a distinctive yellow skin color on fruit exposed to the sun. The fruit shape is round, fruit weight ranged from 350-400 g, fruit length was 9.8 cm, fruit diameter was 9.2 cm, fruit thickness was 8.0cm and bisexual flowers were 16.53%. Biochemical constituents such as the total phenols (317.50 mg/100 g), flavonoids (5.79 mg/100g), carotenoids (1.46 mg/100 g) and acidity (0.19%) were recorded which suggests that these characters are unique as compared to other varieties. The fruit skin is rough and glossy in appearance and the fruit has little or no fiber. It is very delicious in taste with high pulp percentage (74.0%) and high TSS (23.4º B). The flesh color is orange. The fruits have deep orange firm pulp and very sweet with pleasant flavor. Besides,several other traits have drawn special attention to this mango variety as it has large sized fruits (Fig-1), late variety with very good taste, fruit can be cut into two halves by retaining the stone in one half, regular bearer and fruit fly resistant genotype because of its thick peel and high phenolic content in pulp (317.50 mg/100 g)