Empirical model of global electron temperature distribution between 300 and 700 km based on data from Aeros-A

An empirical model function of the global electron temperature distribution has been determined based on the measurements of the planar Retarding Potential Analyzer on-board the Aeros-A satellite. The model represents the mean temperature between 300 and 700 km altitude at 0300 LT and 1500 LT depending on latitude, longitude, and height. The model values are compared with all the measured data to show the accuracy achieved and the mean spread of the data for different latitudes. A clear correlation was not found between the electron temperature and geophysical indices such as Kp or sunspot number for the period of low solar activity between January and August, 1973. Seasonal and annual effects could not be detected. The mathematical background and method used to generate the model function is described in the appendix.           ARK: https://n2t.net/ark:/88439/y033123 Permalink: https://geophysicsjournal.com/article/286 &nbsp

Faseroptische Sensoranordnung

Eine faseroptische Sensoranordnung verfuegt ueber mehrere faseroptische Sensoren (10), die im Innern eines teilweise mit einer Fluessigkeit (13) gefuellten Gehaeuses (32) runden Querschnitts speichenartig angeordnet sind und mit ihren Sensorenden (11) bis in die Naehe der Gehaeuseinnenseite ragen. Bei einer Drehung um eine im rechten Winkel zu der von den faseroptischen Sensoren (10) festgelegten Ebene verlaufenden Achse tauchen in Abhaengigkeit vom Drehwinkel verschiedene faseroptische Sensoren (10) in die Fluessigkeit (13) ein, so dass durch Auswerten der das Eintauchen in die Fluessigkeit (13) anzeigenden Ausgangssignale der faseroptischen Sensoren (10) eine Drehpositionsbestimmung des Gehaeuses (32) moeglich ist. Das Gehaeuse (32) kann als Schwimmkoerper einer Fluessigkeitsstandsanzeigevorrichtung ausgebildet sein und ueber einen Dreharm (34) gelenkig am eine Tankfluessigkeit (33) enthaltenden Tank befestigt sein

Faseroptische Sensoren - Eine strahlende Zukunft

Fiberoptic sensors are assumed to play an important role in the near future. Different types of sensors for pressure, liquid level, distance have been developed. Their main characteristics are summarized. Most sensors measure the light intensity which is modulated by the physical parameter. For the very sensitive sensors an interferometric phase measuring technique is used. The optical fiber gyroscope is an example of this technique

Fundamentals of electromagnetic waves.

Optical sensing became a key technique for many measuring tasks. The manifold use of optics, however, requires a good understanding of the basic laws of light propagation. The principal objective of this article is to provide a unified and comprehensive overview of optical radiation and its propagation. The number of equations is kept small, complicated mathematics have been omitted and only basic laws have been compiled in order to facilitate the reading. A number of textbooks are given as references in order to provide more detailed information. Particular attention is paid to wave phenomena described by Maxwell equations. The most essential laws of planewave propagation, interference, refraction and reflection are discussed. Before the main properties of light are described, as we understand them today, a short historical overview shows the long and troublesome way from the first preception of seeing to modern optics

Median density altitude profiles of the major ions in the central nightside venus ionsphere.

(Altitude profiles of median values of total ion density and constituent ion densities and the molecular ion group density for the central nightside Venus ionosphere are constructed from measurements made by the Pioneer Venus (PV) orbiter retarding potential analyzer (ORPA) during the first five seasonal passages of the PV spacecraft through the nightside hemisphere. -IPM-