Analiza stężenia prozapalnych interleukin w wydzielinie szyjkowej kobiet z PROM i we krwi pępowinowej ich noworodków

Objectives: The aim of the study was to analyze the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukins in cervical secretions of women with PROM, depending on Ureaplasma spp. infection and the time elapsed since the rupture of the membranes, and to correlate their concentration in cervical secretions and in cord blood of the newborns. Material and methods: The study included 30 women with PROM between 24 and 33+6 weeks of gestation. Cervical swabs from women with confirmed rupture of membranes taken at certain intervals and umbilical cord blood of their newborns constituted the study material. Cervical secretions were evaluated microbiologically and by the PCR method. Concentrations of IL-6, IL-19, IL-10 and TNF-α were analyzed by ELISA. Results: Ureaplasma spp. were the most frequently isolated microorganisms in cervical secretions of women with PROM. Secretion of interleukins in the cervix was not influenced by time elapsed since the PROM. Comparison of interleukin levels in cord blood of newborns born to mothers with and without Ureaplasma spp infection revealed significantly higher levels of IL-6 in the case of Ureaplasma spp. A positive correlation between IL-6 and TNF-α levels in cervical secretions and in cord blood of mothers with PROM and Ureaplasma spp. was detected. Conclusions: 1. Cervical culture method appears to be sufficient for detecting Ureaplasma spp. 2. Pro-inflammatory interleukins, especially IL-6, obtained by non-invasive methods can be used to predict fetal inflammatory response.Cel pracy: Celem pracy była analiza stężenia prozapalnych interleukin w wydzielinie szyjkowej kobiet z PROM w zależności od zakażenia Ureaplasma spp. i czasu jaki upłynął od pęknięcia błon płodowych oraz korelacja stężenia tych cytokin w wydzielinie szyjkowej i we krwi pępowinowej noworodka. Materiał i metody: badaniami objęto 30 kobiet z PROM między 24 a 33+6 tygodniem ciąży. Materiał stanowiły wydzielina szyjkowa kobiet z potwierdzonym pęknięciem błon płodowych pobierana w określonych odstępach czasu oraz krew pępowinowa pozyskiwana po urodzeniu noworodka. Wydzielinę szyjkową poddawano ocenie mikrobiologicznej i wykorzystując metodę PCR. Stężenie prozapalnych interleukin IL-6, IL-19, IL-10 oraz TNF-α w wydzielinie szyjkowej i krwi pępowinowej badano metodą ELISA. Wyniki: Najczęściej izolowanym drobnoustrojem w wydzielinie szyjkowej kobiet z PROM była Ureaplasma spp. W wydzielinie szyjkowej kobiet z Ureaplasma spp. stężenie IL-6 było wyższe, chociaż bez istotności statystycznej, niż u kobiet bez Ureaplasma spp. Stężenie analizowanych interleukin w wydzielinie szyjkowej nie zmieniało się, w zależności od czasu jaki upłynął od PROM. Porównując stężenie interleukin we krwi pępowinowej noworodków matek z i bez zakażenia Ureaplasma spp. stwierdzono istotnie wyższe stężenie IL-6 w przypadku Ureaplasma spp. niezależnie od czasu w jakiem wystąpił poród. Uzyskano dodatnią korelację miedzy stężeniem IL-6 i TNF-α w wydzielinie szyjkowej i we krwi pępowinowej matek z PROM i Ureaplasma spp. Wnioski: 1. Dla wykrycia Ureaplasma spp. w szyjce macicy metoda hodowli wydaje się być wystarczająca. 2. Prozapalne interleukiny, zwłaszcza IL-6, pozyskane drogą nieinwazyjną mogą być wykorzystane do przewidywania reakcji zapalnej płodu

RESULTS OF POSTSLAUGHTER EVALUATION OF CROSSBRED FATTENERS (ZŁOTNICKA SPOTTED X DUROC) AND PUREBRED FATTENERS (ZŁOTNICKA SPOTTED)

Experimental material consisted of 112 carcasses of crossbred fatteners (złp x dur) and 16 purebred animals (złp). The following traits were analyzed in postslaughter evaluation: carcass weight (kg), mean backfat thickness (mm), height of the longissimus dorsi muscle (mm) and lean meat percentage in the carcass (%). Based on the determined carcass weight and measurements of carcass leanness the carcasses were classified in the SEUROP system. Results of postslaughter evaluation indicate relatively low carcass leanness. In only 10% carcasses leanness exceeded 50 %, while 75% carcasses fell within the range from R to O in the EUROP classification. The breed of the sire had a highly significant effect on meatiness of fatteners. Pigs sired by Duroc boars were characterized by a significantly higher meatiness, irrespectively of sex, piggery, supplier and year of birth. Backfat thickness was significantly higher in the group of crosses sired by Złotnicka Spotted boars

A review of the renal system and diurnal variations of renal activity in livestock

Kidneys are the main organs regulating water-electrolyte homeostasis in the body. They are responsible for maintaining the total volume of water and its distribution in particular water spaces, for electrolyte composition of systemic fluids and also for maintaining acid-base balance. These functions are performed by the plasma filtration process in renal glomeruli and the processes of active absorption and secretion in renal tubules, all adjusted to an 'activity-rest' rhythm. These diurnal changes are influenced by a 24-hour cycle of activity of hormones engaged in the regulation of renal activity. Studies on spontaneous rhythms of renal activity have been carried out mainly on humans and laboratory animals, but few studies have been carried out on livestock animals. Moreover, those results cover only some aspects of renal physiology. This review gives an overview of current knowledge concerning renal function and diurnal variations of some renal activity parameters in livestock, providing greater understanding of general chronobiological processes in mammals. Detailed knowledge of these rhythms is useful for clinical, practical and pharmacological purposes, as well as studies on their physical performance

Constructing living buildings: a review of relevant technologies for a novel application of biohybrid robotics

Biohybrid robotics takes an engineering approach to the expansion and exploitation of biological behaviours for application to automated tasks. Here, we identify the construction of living buildings and infrastructure as a high-potential application domain for biohybrid robotics, and review technological advances relevant to its future development. Construction, civil infrastructure maintenance and building occupancy in the last decades have comprised a major portion of economic production, energy consumption and carbon emissions. Integrating biological organisms into automated construction tasks and permanent building components therefore has high potential for impact. Live materials can provide several advantages over standard synthetic construction materials, including self-repair of damage, increase rather than degradation of structural performance over time, resilience to corrosive environments, support of biodiversity, and mitigation of urban heat islands. Here, we review relevant technologies, which are currently disparate. They span robotics, self-organizing systems, artificial life, construction automation, structural engineering, architecture, bioengineering, biomaterials, and molecular and cellular biology. In these disciplines, developments relevant to biohybrid construction and living buildings are in the early stages, and typically are not exchanged between disciplines. We, therefore, consider this review useful to the future development of biohybrid engineering for this highly interdisciplinary application.publishe

Phase-space dependence of particle-ratio fluctuations in Pb+Pb collisions from 20A to 158A GeV beam energy

A novel approach, the identity method, was used for particle identification and the study of fluctuations of particle yield ratios in Pb+Pb collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS). This procedure allows to unfold the moments of the unknown multiplicity distributions of protons (p), kaons (K), pions ($\pi$) and electrons (e). Using these moments the excitation function of the fluctuation measure $\nu_{\text{\text{dyn}}}$[A,B] was measured, with A and B denoting different particle types. The obtained energy dependence of $\nu_{\text{dyn}}$ agrees with previously published NA49 results on the related measure $\sigma_{\text{dyn}}$. Moreover, $\nu_{\text{dyn}}$ was found to depend on the phase space coverage for [K,p] and [K,$\pi$] pairs. This feature most likely explains the reported differences between measurements of NA49 and those of STAR in central Au+Au collisions

Measurement of event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations using strongly intensive measures Δ[PT,N]\Delta[P_T, N] and Σ[PT,N]\Sigma[P_T, N] in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron

Results from the NA49 experiment at the CERN SPS are presented on event-by-event transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations of charged particles, produced at forward rapidities in central Pb+Pb interactions at beam momenta 20$A$, 30$A$, 40$A$, 80$A$, and 158$A$ GeV/c, as well as in systems of different size ($p+p$, C+C, Si+Si, and Pb+Pb) at 158$A$ GeV/c. This publication extends the previous NA49 measurements of the strongly intensive measure $\Phi_{p_T}$ by a study of the recently proposed strongly intensive measures of fluctuations $\Delta[P_T, N]$ and $\Sigma[P_T, N]$. In the explored kinematic region transverse momentum and multiplicity fluctuations show no significant energy dependence in the SPS energy range. However, a remarkable system size dependence is observed for both $\Delta[P_T, N]$ and $\Sigma[P_T, N]$, with the largest values measured in peripheral Pb+Pb interactions. The results are compared with NA61/SHINE measurements in $p+p$ collisions, as well as with predictions of the UrQMD and EPOS models.Comment: 12 pages, 14 figures, to be submitted to PR

Production of deuterium, tritium, and 3^3He in central Pb+Pb collisions at 20A, 30A, 40A, 80A, and 158A GeV at the CERN SPS

Production of $d$, $t$, and $^3$He nuclei in central Pb+Pb interactions was studied at five collision energies ($\sqrt{s_{NN}}=$ 6.3, 7.6, 8.8, 12.3, and 17.3 GeV) with the NA49 detector at the CERN SPS. Transverse momentum spectra, rapidity distributions, and particle ratios were measured. Yields are compared to predictions of statistical models. Phase-space distributions of light nuclei are discussed and compared to those of protons in the context of a coalescence approach. The coalescence parameters $B_2$ and $B_3$, as well as coalescence radii for $d$ and $^3$He were determined as a function of transverse mass at all energies.Comment: 22 pages, 29 figures, 8 tables, for submission to Phys. Rev.