Parks, people, and conservation: A review of management issues in nepal's protected areas

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/43480/1/11111_2005_Article_BF01254607.pd

Characterization of Nanocomposites of WO sub(3)-SnO sub(2) and Its Application as a Moisture Sensors

In this paper we report humidity sensing studies of WO sub(3)-SnO sub(2) nanocomposites. Powders have been given pellet shape by applying pressure of 450 MPa. Pellets have been annealed at temperatures of 300, 400 and 600 degree C. When exposed to humidity, resistance of pellets decreased with increase in relative humidity. Sensing element of WO sub(3)-SnO sub(2) nanocomposites annealed at 400 degree C shows average sensitivity of 13.11 M Omega /%RH in the 15-90%RH range. For this sensing element hysteresis is within 13%, reproducibility over different cyclic operations after 4 months is within 12%. XRD pattern of WO sub(3)-SnO sub(2) nanocomposites shows peaks of WO sub(3) monoclinic structure and SnO sub(2) tetragonal structure. Minimum crystallite size calculated by Scherer's formula for WO sub(3)-SnO sub(2) nanocomposites is 12 nm. Average grain size measured from SEM micrograph for best sample is 122 nm; suggesting agglomeration of crystallites in sensing elements to form larger grains

End-on nitrogen insertion of a diazo compound into a germanium (II) hydrogen bond and a comparable reaction with diethyl azodicarboxylate

A happy ending: The germanium(II) hydride [LGeH], where L=[HC{(CMe)(2,6-iPr2C6H3N)}2], reacts with a diazoalkane to form the hydrazone derivative (see picture). The reaction proceeds through the unprecedented end-on nitrogen insertion of the diazo compound

Myiasis incidences reported in and around central province of Sri Lanka

Background Myiasis, or the invasion of living tissues of humans and other mammals by dipterous larvae, is considered the world's fourth most common travel-associated skin disease after cutaneous larval migrants, pyodermas, and pruritic arthropod-reactive dermatitis. Method The present study recorded the cause, anatomical position, and severity of the wounds of myiasis patients admitted to 11 hospitals located in the central region of Sri Lanka from February 2016 to July 2017. Results Altogether, 28 myiasis incidences were noted within the study period. Of the total identified myiasis patients, nine were female while the remainder were male. The greatest number of patients was recorded from the Mawanella Base Hospital and Peradeniya Teaching Hospital (seven patients each). The ages of recorded patients ranged between 30 and 92 years with the average being 59.4 years. The greatest number of myiasis cases was diagnosed in wounds located in lower limbs (24). In addition, scalp, urogenital, and umbilical infestations were recorded. Eighteen out of the total patients had diabetes mellitus, and two patients suffered from filarial lymphedema. Psychiatric illnesses were a predisposing factor of larval infestation of six patients including the recorded scalp and two urogenital myiasis patients. Of the 28 myiasis cases, 27 were caused by the old world screwworm, Chrysomya bezziana Villeneuve (Diptera: Calliphoridae), and one by the blowfly, Chrysomya megacephala Fabricius (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Conclusion The awareness of patients with ulcers about this disease helps to decrease further risk of being infected by fly larvae

Access to Silicon(II)– and Germanium(II)–Indium Compounds

Despite the remarkable ability of N-heterocyclic silylene to act as a Lewis base and form stable Lewis adducts with group 13 elements such as boron, aluminum, and gallium, there has been no such comparable investigation with indium and the realization of a stable silylene–indium complex has still remained elusive. Similarly, a germylene–indium complex is also presently unknown. We describe herein the reactions of [PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂SiN­(SiMe₃)₂] (<b>1</b>) and [PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂GeN­(SiMe₃)₂] (<b>4</b>) with InCl₃ and InBr₃ that have resulted in the first silylene–indium complexes, [PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂Si­{N­(SiMe₃)₂}→InCl₃] (<b>2</b>) and [PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂Si­{N­(SiMe₃)₂}→InBr₃] (<b>3</b>), as well as the first germylene–indium complexes, [PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂Ge­{N­(SiMe₃)₂}→InCl₃] (<b>5</b>) and [PhC­(N<i>t</i>Bu)₂Ge­{N­(SiMe₃)₂}→InBr₃] (<b>6</b>). The solid-state structures of all species have been validated by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Note that <b>5</b> and <b>6</b> are the first structurally characterized organometallic compounds that feature a Ge–In single bond (apart from the compounds in Zintl phases). Theoretical calculations reveal that the Si­(II)→In bonds in <b>2</b> and <b>3</b> and the Ge­(II)→In bonds in <b>5</b> and <b>6</b> are dative bonds

Agreement between clinical examination and parental morbidity histories for children in Nepal

Parental histories are often used to estimate the prevalence and the impact of interventions on child morbidity, but few studies have examined the agreement between parental histories and clinical examination. We compared clinical findings with a same-day parental morbidity history for preschool-age children in rural Nepal. A 15 per cent sample of children from 40 wards in Sarlahi district, Nepal, was selected for participation and 814 same day morbidity histories were obtained from parents. A clinician, masked to the parent\u27s history, visited the household 2-4 h later and examined the child for signs of morbidity symptoms about which the parent had previously been questioned. Signs included measurement of temperature, respiratory rate, examination of stools, ear discharge, and presence of persistent cough. Agreement between the history and clinical examination was excellent for ear infection (κ = 0.75) and history of measles rash (κ = 0.74), moderate to poor for diarrhoea (κ = 0.21) and fever (κ = 0.31), and there was no evidence of agreement for dysentery (κ = -0.01), rapid breathing (κ = 0.06), and cough (κ = 0.09). The prevalence of dysentery, fever, cough, and rapid breathing was lower if clinical signs rather than histories were used. The prevalence of diarrhoea was higher if the presence of a loose stool in a cup rather than a history was used. The prevalence of ear infections and measles was comparable with both methods. The agreement between histories and clinical examination varies by morbidity type, as does the prevalence of morbidity estimated by one or other method