STEREO SELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL LIGNAN INTERMEDIATES AS ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to synthesize a series of new lignan intermediates as potential antimicrobial agents.Methods: Substituted benzene and aromatic acids or acid chlorides were converted to benzophenones 1(a-f). The benzophenones 1(a-f) on Stobbe condensation with and diethyl succinate in the presence of potassium t-butoxide yielded 4-(4-aryl)-4-(4-aryl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-but-3-enoic acids (2a, 2f) and a mixture of E and Z-isomers of 4,4-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-but-3-enoic acids 2(b-e) and 3(b-e) in relatively good yields. The synthesized compounds were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibility against different fungi and bacteria species.Results: The Stobbe condensation of benzophenones 1(a-f) and diethyl succinate in the presence of potassium t-butoxide yielded 4-(4-aryl)-4-(4-aryl)-3-ethoxycarbonyl-but-3-enoic acids (2a, 2f) and a mixture of E and Z-isomers of 4,4-diaryl-3-ethoxycarbonyl-but-3-enoic acids 2(b-e) and 3(b-e) in good yields. The compounds 1a and 1f yielded only 2a and 2f but not 3a and 3f due to symmetrical substitution in the aromatic rings. The structures of the new lignan intermediates were confirmed by spectral studies and elemental analysis.Conclusions: Results of the antimicrobial activity reveal that some of the compounds particularly 2c, 2d, 3c and 3d act as potential antimicrobial agents different fungal and bacterial organisms.Â

Policy Framework for Conservation of Water Bodies in Bangalore

Over the past two decades there has been a serious decline in the quality and number of lakes in the Bangalore urban region.This has resulted in a serious decline in access to water and has also affected food security, livelihoods and biodiversity potential of these wetland ecosystems. The Need for revival of conservation of water bodies was discussed. The interpretation of existing trends and scenarios in the process of conservation of lakes is based on interactions with limited key players namely government stakeholders, developers involved in similar projects and personnel involved in the field work. The state government is taking an initiative to conserve several large waterbodies in and around the city and it is in the process of identifying these areas. Legislations/ Acts directly or indirectly linked with the conservation of waterbodies but the Legislations / Act were not managed in present conditions. Several measures which the Government intended to explore the possibility towork in close partnership with the private sector in protection, conservation and sustainablemanagement of lakes.Legal framework should be properly endorsed in conserving the urban water bodies

Temporal Variation in Water Quality Parameters of Bandematta Hosakere Lake-Peri Urban Area of Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Lakes have played an important role in the history of Bengaluru; these were the primary sources of drinking water and irrigation in the last two decades. Due to the boom in the IT and related sectors in the silicon valley of India, has created an acute stress on the natural resources and infrastructure of the city of Bangalore with exponential growth in population. Bandematta is located in southern part Bangalore metropolitan. An attempt has been made to ascertain the Temporal Variation of water quality parameters; present study was carried-out for one year for four seasons (January 2013 to December 2013) as prescribed by Indian Meteorological Department. Seasonally the water samples were collected to analyse different physical and chemical parameters by following the standard methods of APHA (2005). Temporal variations were recorded, analysed and compared with standards and the pollution status was investigated. High levels of EC, TDS, BOD, Nitrate-Nitrogen and Total Hardness was recorded at an average of 1387.50 µS/cm, 912.43 mg/L, 4.45 mg/L, 12.73 mg/L and 342.93 mg/L respectively. Sodium and potassium were also in excess concentrations and that reflects on the agriculture. The results revealed that there is heavy organic load in Bandematta Lake. High levels of variations in various physico – chemical parameters were recorded due to anthropogenic activity and discharge of wastewater. The Temporal Variation of water quality parameters recorded is alarming and if it is going to continues for the Bandematta Lake, it will be difficult to sustain

Temporal rhythms in physico-chemical characteristics of Gangondanahalli Lake, Bengaluru, Karnataka

Water bodies in urban Bangalore cover about 5% of the land. These lakes form a unique, irreplaceable system. The present study was carried out from January 2014 to December 2014 in Gangondanahalli Lake and the water samples were collected seasonally and analysed for physico chemical factors following standard methods (APHA 2005). It was observed that the Lake is under tremendous anthropogenic pressures pumping heavy loads of domestic sewage and dumping of solid material leading to rapid tropic evolution in the form of eutrophication

MAXIMUM DATA RATE DETERMINATION OF A TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL

The transmission channel is an electrical medium that bridges the distance from the source to the destination. It may be apair of wires, a coaxial cable, a radio path, or an optical fiber. Every channel introduces some amount of transmission loss orattenuation and, therefore, the transmitted power progressively decreases with increasing distance. The signal is alsodistorted in the transmission channel because of different attenuation at different frequencies. Signals usually containcomponents at many frequencies and if some are attenuated and some are not, the shape of the signal changes. This change isknown as distortion. Note that a transmission channel often includes many speech or data channels that are multiplexed intothe same cable pair or fiber. In this paper we present the determination of maximum data rate of a telephone channel.Keywords: Bandwidth, Data Rate, Symbol Rate, Transmission Channe

Ant species richness at selected localities of Bangalore

This article does not have an abstract

Generalized Neuron Based Secure Media Access Control Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks

Security plays a pivotal role in most applications of wireless sensor networks. It is common to find inadequately secure networks confined only to controlled environments. The issue of security in wireless sensor networks is a hot research topic for over a decade. This paper presents a compact generalized neuron (GN) based medium access protocol that renders a CSMA/CD network secure against denial-of-service attacks launched by adversaries. The GN enhances the security by constantly monitoring multiple parameters that reflect the possibility that an attack is launched by an adversary. Particle swarm optimization, a popular bio-inspired evolutionary-like optimization algorithm is used for training the GN. The wireless sensor network is simulated using Vanderbilt Prowler, a probabilistic wireless network simulator. Simulation results show that the choice of threshold suspicion parameter impacts on the tradeoff between network effectiveness and lifetime

A rare cause of recurrent pneumonia: Scimitar syndrome

Scimitar syndrome is characterized by partial or total anomalous pulmonary venous return from the right lung along with hypoplasia ofthe lung. This syndrome has varied presentations, from an asymptomatic state to severe pulmonary hypertension and/or heart failure.Newer diagnostic modalities have improved our understanding of this rare syndrome and hence providing newer treatment options tobe tried. Here, we present a case of a 4-year-old child with recurrent pneumonia with Scimitar syndrome. We are reporting this case inview of the rarity of this syndrome and its presentation as recurrent pneumonia

Biochemical Changes during Plantlet Regeneration in Two Accessions of Mucuna pruriens

The genus Mucuna is an important medicinal herb and is extensively used in traditional Indian systems of medicine for various ailments. In vitro culture technique provides an alternative to plant propagation and germplasm conservation. Our aim was to study the biochemical changes occurring during regeneration of shoots (plantlets) from explants of two accessions of Mucuna pruriens, by monitoring the efficiency of nitrogen utilization and changes in levels of some hydrolytic enzymes. A rapid micropropagation system was developed using Murashige and Skoog's (MS) medium supplemented with BAP and IAA combined. In both the accessions, 3.0mg l-1 6-BAP, in combination with 0.2mg l-1 IAA, induced shoot buds and shoot elongation; however for multiple-shoot induction, a slightly higher concentration of cytokinin, i.e., 3.5mg l-16-BAP, in combination with 0.2mg l-1 IAA, was required. Results of the present study confirm an active growth of explants revealed by nitrate assimilation enzymes and hydrolytic enzymes. It is concluded that medium composition, growth regulator combination and culture incubation conditions are all vital in both the accessions of Mucuna pruriens for induction of in vitro plant regeneration

Cost and fault-tolerant aware resource management for scientific workflows using hybrid instances on clouds

Cloud service providers are offering computing resources at a reasonable price as a pay-per-use model. Further, cloud service providers have also introduced different pricing models like spot, blockspot and spotfleet instances that are cost effective and user’s have to go through the bidding to balance the reliability and monetary costs. Henceforth, Scientific Workflows (SWf) that are used to model applications of high throughput, computation and complex large-scale data analysis are significantly adopting these computing resources. Nevertheless, spot instances are terminated when the market spot price exceeds the users bid price. Moreover, failures are inevitable in such a large distributed systems and often pose a challenge to design a fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm for SWf. This paper presents an efficient, low-cost and fault-tolerant scheduling algorithm and a bidding strategy to minimize the