THE CROATIAN FRESHWATER FISHERY - CURRENT STATUS AND PROSPECTS

Slatkovodno ribarstvo u Hrvatskoj objektivno je skromna poljoprivredna grana s vrlo ekstremnim proizvodnim oblicima: jedna od najintenzivnijih poljoprivrednih grana jesu pastrvski ribnjaci s više od 140 tona proizvedene ribe na 1 ha vodene površine na godinu, poluintenzivni šaranski ribnjaci s danas oko 500 kg/ha proizvedene ribe, te potpuno ekstenzivni način gospodarenja na oko 60.000 ha otvorenih voda gdje je ulov manji od 10 kg/ha pa se takve vode iskorištavaju isključivo za šport i rekreaciju. U radu će se analizirati subjektivni i objektivni uzroci takva stanja u njegovoj dinamici te dati prijedlog mjera koje će granu opet staviti na visoko dohodovno mjesto po raznim gospodarskim kategorijama, za što postoje realni uvjeti.Freshwater fishery in, objectively speaking, a modest sector of agriculture characteristic for its extreme production aspects, i. e. one of the most intensive agricultural sector are the trout ponds with over 140 ton of fish a year per 1 ha of water surface, the carp ponds with about 500 kg/ha are semi-intensive sector, while the management of over 60,000 ha of open water is completely extensive with catch less than 10 kg/ha, so such waters are used only for sport and recreation. The paper will analyse both subjective and objective causes of the current situation and propose the measures that might gain a high income-earning position for the sector in different economic categories, since the conditions for such development are realistic

THE NEED FOR DIVERSIFICATION IN FISH FARMING PRODUCTION

Značajka razvijenih gospodarstava u svijetu jest neobično veliko bogatstvo ponude. Na tržištu se nalazi golem broj proizvoda različita asortimana, kakvoće i cijene. U skladu s marketinškom koncepcijom proizvodnja nastoji zadovoljiti svakoga potencijalnog potrošača. Hrvatsko slatkovodno Ribarstvo još nije na toj razini. Asortiman je vrlo uzak, a sastoji se uglavnom od šarana i do 80%, kalifornijske pastrve do 10%, biljoždera oko 4%, dok je soma, smuđa i štuke samo do 2,70%, a ostatak su komercijalno nezanimljive riblje vrste. Na tržištu se posljednjih godina pojavio sve značajniji potrošač, športski ribolovci, čije je značenje u porastu s potpuno novim, specifičnim zahtjevima koje za sada ribnjaci još uopće ne mogu alimentirati, osim eventualno u marginalnim količinama. Kategorički je imperativ brza prilagodba proizvodnog asortimana naših ribnjaka u skladu s tendencijama u prehrani stanovništva razvijenih zemalja, koje se već primjećuju i u nas, kao i potrebama športskih ribolovaca.One of the characteristics of developed economies in the world is a very rich and diversified offer of goods. There are many products of different assortment, of different quality and price on the market. In keeping with the marketing conception, the production is trying to satisfy all potential consumers. Croatian freshwater fish farming has not yet reached this stage. The assortment is very limited and includes mostly carp (up to 80%), Californian trout (up to 10%), grass carp (around 4%), wels, pike-perch and pike together up to 2.70%, while the rest are commercially insignificant and uninteresting fish species. In the last few years, an increasingly important type of consumers has emerged on the market sporting anglers whose importance is growing and bringing totally new, specific demands that the fish ponds at the moment cannot meet, except maybe in marginal quantities. There is a categorical imperative of a fast adjustment of the production assortment of our fishing farms to the tendencies in the nourishment of the population in developed countries that can also be observed in our country and to the demands and needs of sporting anglers

CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) AND DAMAGES ON FISH STOCK CAUSED BY CORMORANT HYPER POPULATION

U radu su izneseni rezultati novijih stranih i domaćih istraživanja o štetama koje su ustanovljene na ribljem fondu šaranskih ribnjaka i otvorenih voda (rijeka i jezera) kao rezultat gotovo 30–godišnje potpune zaštite jedne alohtone ptice koja na europskim prostorima nema prirodnog neprijatelja koji bi njegovu populaciju držao u bioekološkoj ravnoteži, pa se stoga njegova populacija od godine 1970. povećala 25 puta. Stoga se postavlja pitanje oportunosti zaštite jedne ptice koju su u 17. stoljeću u Europu iz Kine uvezli Nizozemci radi lova ribe u Engleskoj i Francuskoj, a, prema B r e h m u (1892) kormoran je već početkom 19. stoljeća na sjeveru Europe načinio velike štete na ribljem fondu.The results of recent foreign and domestic investigations on the damages found on the fish stock of cyprinid ponds and rivers caused by hyper population of cormorants are presented. Cormorant has been for almost 30 years a protected bird species in Europe. As a species which was imported to Europe, they have no any natural enemies in European area to keep bioecological balance, thus their protection resulted in increasing their populations by 25 times from 1970. Therefore, it is questionable how opportune it is to protect the bird imported in Europe from China in the 17th century by the Dutch to catch fish in England and France while the damages it caused on the fish stock of the northern Europe were known already at the beginning of the 19th century, as reported by B r e hm (1892)

CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) AND DAMAGES ON FISH STOCK CAUSED BY CORMORANT HYPER POPULATION

U radu su izneseni rezultati novijih stranih i domaćih istraživanja o štetama koje su ustanovljene na ribljem fondu šaranskih ribnjaka i otvorenih voda (rijeka i jezera) kao rezultat gotovo 30–godišnje potpune zaštite jedne alohtone ptice koja na europskim prostorima nema prirodnog neprijatelja koji bi njegovu populaciju držao u bioekološkoj ravnoteži, pa se stoga njegova populacija od godine 1970. povećala 25 puta. Stoga se postavlja pitanje oportunosti zaštite jedne ptice koju su u 17. stoljeću u Europu iz Kine uvezli Nizozemci radi lova ribe u Engleskoj i Francuskoj, a, prema B r e h m u (1892) kormoran je već početkom 19. stoljeća na sjeveru Europe načinio velike štete na ribljem fondu.The results of recent foreign and domestic investigations on the damages found on the fish stock of cyprinid ponds and rivers caused by hyper population of cormorants are presented. Cormorant has been for almost 30 years a protected bird species in Europe. As a species which was imported to Europe, they have no any natural enemies in European area to keep bioecological balance, thus their protection resulted in increasing their populations by 25 times from 1970. Therefore, it is questionable how opportune it is to protect the bird imported in Europe from China in the 17th century by the Dutch to catch fish in England and France while the damages it caused on the fish stock of the northern Europe were known already at the beginning of the 19th century, as reported by B r e hm (1892)

THE NEED FOR DIVERSIFICATION IN FISH FARMING PRODUCTION

Značajka razvijenih gospodarstava u svijetu jest neobično veliko bogatstvo ponude. Na tržištu se nalazi golem broj proizvoda različita asortimana, kakvoće i cijene. U skladu s marketinškom koncepcijom proizvodnja nastoji zadovoljiti svakoga potencijalnog potrošača. Hrvatsko slatkovodno Ribarstvo još nije na toj razini. Asortiman je vrlo uzak, a sastoji se uglavnom od šarana i do 80%, kalifornijske pastrve do 10%, biljoždera oko 4%, dok je soma, smuđa i štuke samo do 2,70%, a ostatak su komercijalno nezanimljive riblje vrste. Na tržištu se posljednjih godina pojavio sve značajniji potrošač, športski ribolovci, čije je značenje u porastu s potpuno novim, specifičnim zahtjevima koje za sada ribnjaci još uopće ne mogu alimentirati, osim eventualno u marginalnim količinama. Kategorički je imperativ brza prilagodba proizvodnog asortimana naših ribnjaka u skladu s tendencijama u prehrani stanovništva razvijenih zemalja, koje se već primjećuju i u nas, kao i potrebama športskih ribolovaca.One of the characteristics of developed economies in the world is a very rich and diversified offer of goods. There are many products of different assortment, of different quality and price on the market. In keeping with the marketing conception, the production is trying to satisfy all potential consumers. Croatian freshwater fish farming has not yet reached this stage. The assortment is very limited and includes mostly carp (up to 80%), Californian trout (up to 10%), grass carp (around 4%), wels, pike-perch and pike together up to 2.70%, while the rest are commercially insignificant and uninteresting fish species. In the last few years, an increasingly important type of consumers has emerged on the market sporting anglers whose importance is growing and bringing totally new, specific demands that the fish ponds at the moment cannot meet, except maybe in marginal quantities. There is a categorical imperative of a fast adjustment of the production assortment of our fishing farms to the tendencies in the nourishment of the population in developed countries that can also be observed in our country and to the demands and needs of sporting anglers