THE PREVALENCE OF DENTAL DISEASES AMONG WOMEN OF FERTILITY AGE

Numerous studies have been conducted to assess the dental health of women across different age groups, determine the prevalence of dental diseases, and establish preventive measures for complications through a novel treatment approach. However, it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of women in the reproductive age group based on their place of residence. This will allow for an assessment of the dental services provided to them and a determination of the demand for specialized care in rural areas. Such research contributes to the advancement of ecological dentistry alongside clinical and preventive dentistr

Excitation functions of related temperatures of {\eta} and {\eta}0 emission sources from squared momentum transfer spectra in high-energy collisions

The squared momentum transfer spectra of $\eta$ and $\eta ^0$, produced in high-energy photon-proton ($\gamma p$) $\rightarrow {\rm meson + proton}$ process in electron-proton ($ep$) collisions performed at CEBAF, NINA, CEA, SLAC, DESY, and WLS are analyzed. The Monte Carlo calculations are used in the analysis of the squared momentum transfer spectra, where the transfer undergoes from the incident $\gamma$ to emitted meson or equivalently from the target proton to emitted proton. In the calculations, the Erlang distribution and Tsallis-Levy function are used to describe the transverse momentum spectra of emitted particles. Our results show that the average transverse momentum ($\langle p_T\rangle$), the initial-state temperature ($T_i$), and the final-state temperature ($T_0$) roughly decrease from lower center-of-mass energy ($W$) to higher one, and at several special $W$, this tendency is broken

Initial and final-state temperatures of emission source from differential cross-section in squared momentum transfer in high energy collisions

The differential cross-section in squared momentum transfer of $\rho$, $\rho^0$, $\omega$, $\phi$, $f_{0}(980)$, $f_{1}(1285)$, $f_{0}(1370)$, $f_{1}(1420)$, $f_{0}(1500)$, and $J/\psi$ produced in high energy virtual photon-proton ($\gamma$$^{*} p$), photon-proton ($\gamma p$), and proton-proton ($pp$) collisions measured by the H1, ZEUS, and WA102 Collaborations are analyzed by the Monte Carlo calculations. In the calculations, the Erlang distribution, Tsallis distribution, and Hagedorn function are separately used to describe the transverse momentum spectra of the emitted particles. Our results show that the initial and final-state temperatures increase from lower squared photon virtuality to higher one, and decrease with increasing of center-of-mass energy.Comment: 18 pages, 6 figures. Advances in High Energy Physics, Accepte

Extracting Kinetic Freeze-out Properties in High Energy Collisions Using a Multi-source Thermal Model

We study the transverse momentum ($p_T$) spectra of neutral pions and identified charged hadrons produced in proton--proton ($pp$), deuteron--gold ($d$--Au), and gold--gold (Au--Au) collisions at the center of mass energy $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV. The study is made in the framework of a multi-source thermal model used in the partonic level. It is assumed that the contribution to the $p_T$-value of any hadron comes from two or three partons with an isotropic distribution of the azimuthal angle. The contribution of each parton to the $p_T$-value of a given hadron is assumed to obey any one of the standard (Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein) distributions with the kinetic freeze-out temperature and average transverse flow velocity. The $p_T$-spectra of the final-state hadrons can be fitted by the superposition of two or three components. The results obtained from our Monte Carlo method are used to fit the experimental results of the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations. The results of present work serve as a suitable reference baseline for other experiments and simulation studies.Comment: 18 pages, 8 figure