Incidence of K-wire fixation of upper limb fractures for road traffic accidents in Bangladesh

Background: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are a significant public health issue globally, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the epidemiological and clinical aspects of upper limb fractures resulting from RTAs, with an emphasis on the treatment modalities employed. Methods: This retrospective observational study analyzed hospital records of 40 patients with upper limb fractures due to RTAs at Chakaria Unique Hospital, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, within the period of 1 year, from February 2023 to January 2024. The study included cases with comprehensive documentation of fractures resulting specifically from RTAs. Excluded were injuries not related to upper limb fractures and those not caused by RTAs. The focus was on patient demographics, the nature of the fractures, treatment methods (particularly K-wire fixation), and documented outcomes. Results: The majority of the patients were young males, with the highest incidence in the 21-30 age group (40.00%). Two-wheeler vehicles were the leading cause of these injuries (57.50%). Treatment modalities varied, with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) combined with K-wire fixation being the most prevalent (35.00%). Other methods included ORIF alone and ORIF with plate-screw, each accounting for 25.00% of cases. Right-sided injuries were more common (57.50%) than left-sided (42.50%). Conclusions: The study highlights the predominance of upper limb fractures in younger males due to two-wheeler accidents. The preference for combined ORIF and K-wire fixation in treatment reflects the complexity of these injuries. The findings call for enhanced road safety measures and further research into optimized treatment protocols for upper limb fractures in Bangladesh

Yield loss assessment of chickpea caused by botrytis gray mold through fungicide (Bavistin) spray

An experiment was conducted to assess the yield loss of chickpea caused by Botrytis gray mold (BGM) through fungicide spray at Pulses Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Ishurdi, Pabna, Bangladesh. Sixteen entries were evaluated following RCB design with three replications. Out of 16 tested germplasms, eight germplasms (92040*52, FLIP97-530 CLIMS, 94-012*98V4006, FLIP98-106C, Gully, FLIP94-509C, 97020-1489 and S95425) showed resistant reaction, while eight and one entries showed susceptible and highly susceptible, respectably, in fungicide sprayed plot. The highest yield increase over BGM inoculated plot were observed in BARWON*98CIH4007 (180.49%) and 97020-1489 (157.96%). The lowest yield increase over BGM inoculated plot were recorded in HEERA*98CZH4010 (6.39%) and 94-012*98V4006 (8.93%) genotypes

DEVELOPMENT OF FERTILIZER RECOMMENDATION FOR MUSTARD-BORO-T.AMAN RICE CROPPING PATTERN UNDER KARATOYA-BANGALI FLOOD PLAIN SOILS

An experiment was conducted at Gabtali, Bogra (AEZ-4) for three years (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004) to determine the optimum fertilizer doses for Mustard-Boro-T. aman cropping pattern which enhanced total production and profit. Six nutrient management packages including one farmers' practice and one control were tested. The other four treatments were soil test based (STB) fertilizer dose for moderate yield goals (MYG) and High yield goals (HYG), STB based fertilizer dose for HYG plus mustard oil cake (400 kg/ha) and fertilizer dose as per country's Fertilizer Recommendation Guide (FRG'97). Three years average results of HYG gave higher yield performance of crops compared to the other treatments. The mean yield performance of treatment T 2 (HYG) over three years of mustard, Boro and T. aman were 1.11, 5.59 and 3.39 t/ha, respectively. The average gross margin (Tk.17408/ha) and MBCR (3.77) of mustard was the highest in T 2 (HYG). Similarly the highest gross margin (Tk .38597 /ha) and mean benefit and cost return (MBCR) (2.77) of Boro rice were observed from T 2 (HYG). It was also observed that the highest gross margin (Tk .23718 /ha) and MBCR of T. aman obtained from T 2

Mortality causes in goldsmiths of Bangladesh: Findings from verbal autopsy

Background: Information on the mortality causes of goldsmiths in Bangladesh is limited. This study aimed to find out the mortality causes in a selected group of goldsmiths. Methods: A World Health Organization recommended questionnaire was adapted to conduct verbal autopsy of 20 deceased goldsmiths. Death-related information was gathered from the family members present during deceased’s illness preceding death. The mortality causes were determined by the interview outcomes and medical records-review. Results: The mean age of the goldsmiths at death was 59.2± 9.3 years. Among then, 70.0% were smokers and 50.0% were alcohol consumers. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) were the most common immediate and underlying cause of death (60.0% and 45.0%, respectively). Conclusion: The life expectancy of goldsmiths was much lower than the average life expectancy of Bangladeshi population, where CVD was the primary cause of death. Smoking and alcohol consumption were prevalent among them. Awareness about healthy lifestyles should be prioritized for highly CVD prevention among the goldsmiths.  Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University Journal 2023;16(2): 87-9

Efficacy of Major Plant Extracts/Molecules on Field Insect Pests

Insect pests are considered the major hurdle in enhancing the production and productivity of any farming system. The use of conventional synthetic pesticides has led to the emergence of pesticide-resistant insects, environmental pollution, and negative effects on natural enemies, which have caused an ecological imbalance of the predator-prey ratio and human health hazards; therefore, eco-friendly alternative strategies are required. The plant kingdom, a rich repertoire of secondary metabolites, can be tapped as an alternative for insect pest management strategies. A number of plants have been documented to have insecticidal properties against various orders of insects in vitro by acting as antifeedants, repellents, sterilant and oviposition deterrents, etc. However, only a few plant compounds are applicable at the field level or presently commercialised. Here, we have provided an overview of the broad-spectrum insecticidal activity of plant compounds from neem, Annona, Pongamia, and Jatropha. Additionally, the impact of medicinal plants, herbs, spices, and essential oils has been reviewed briefl

Marketing Efficiency and Value Chain Analysis: The Case of Garlic Crop in Bangladesh

Garlic is a highly profitable crop and is largely used both in medicinal and culinary purposes. The study was undertaken to determine marketing system, marketing cost, marketing margin, marketing efficiencies and to examine the value chain of garlic aiming to determine the value addition in different steps of garlic marketing. A purposive and simple randomized sampling procedure was used in selecting primary data. Marketing margin, profit, efficiency ratio, value addition etc. were calculated by different relevant equations and formulas. Four major marketing channels were identified for domestic produced garlic marketing. Channel-3 was the most important supply chain through which 40% domestic produced garlic reaches to consumers. Marketing margin and profit were the highest in retailer than those of other intermediaries. Out of four marketing channel, Channel-2 was more efficient than those of other channels. Six actors like; farmer, local trader, trader, commission agent, wholesaler, retailer and consumer are identified who are involved in the garlic value chain activities. Retailer added highest amount of value per unit of garlic and that of the lowest in wholesaler. Eleven marketing problem were identified, among them price fluctuation, high transport cost and lack of loan facilities were the major problem. It is therefore, recommended that Government intervention is urgent necessary to stabilize the price of garlic, loan facilities should be provided to the intermediaries and transportation cost should be kept reasonable. &nbsp

Effect of Biopesticids in Controlling Leaf Curl Virus of Chilli

The experiment was conducted in the field laboratory of Spices Research Center, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during Rabi season of 2014-15 to find out the effect of biopesticides in controlling vector as well as leaf curl virus of chilli. The maximum infected plants (26.85%) were recorded in untreated control and the minimum infected plants (14.75%) were in Malathion (0.2%) which was statistically identical to all other biopesticides except cow urine (1:2). The highest disease reduction (45.13%) over untreated control was obtained from Malathion (0.2%) followed by cow urine (1:1) and neem leaf extract (1:2), and the lowest (26.37%) was obtained from cow milk (1:2). The highest yield (18.33 t/ha) was recorded in Malathion (0.2%) and the lowest (11.28 t/ha) was recorded in untreated control. All the biopesticides resulted least disease incidence and more yield compared to control. Among the biopesticides, cow urine (1:1), cow milk (1:1) and neem extract (1:2) showed comparatively better results against control. So, Melathion or biopesticides, cow urine (1:1), cow milk (1:1) and neem leaf extract (1:2) may be sprayed for controlling vector as well as leaf curl virus and increasing yield of chilli

Combining ability and genetic variability studies in potato. J.Soil.Nature

Seventeen potato genotypes comprising seven parents and their ten crosses were evaluated during to November 2005 to March 2006 to study their combining ability and genetic variability. Mean squares due to GCA and SCA were highly significant for all the characters except number of branches/plant and dry matter content for which SCA mean square was non-significant. The mean squares due to GCA were found to be lower than SCA indicated pre-dominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters studied. The parents TPS-7, TPS-364, Hera and Chamak were found best general combiners for tuber yield and other important characters. The crosses TPS-7 × TPS-13, TPS-364 × TPS-13, TPS-13 × MF-11, Hera × TPS-19 and Chamak × TPS-13 were observed to be the most promising hybrid combinations for yield and other yielding components. High estimates of co-efficient of variability, heritability and genetic gain for plant height, number of branches, tubers number and yield indicated that these traits are largely controlled by additive gene action and that strength selection for them would be effective

Effect of Fungicides in Controlling Wilt Disease of Cumin

The experiment was conducted at Spices Research Centre, BARI, Shibganj, Bogra, Bangladesh during 2014-15 to find out the effective fungicides in controlling wilt disease of cumin. The treatments were five fungicides viz. Sunvit 50 WP @0.5%, Secure @0.02%, Rovral 50 WP  @0.2%, Bavistin DF @0.25%, Provax 200 WP (0.25%) and one control (untreated). Cumin line CN 026 was used in the experiment. Wilt incidence ranged from 13.45 - 37.69%, while the lowest incidence was recorded In Bavistin treated plots which was statistically similar to Provax and Sunvit, and the highest incidence was recorded in control. Bavistin (0.25%) gave the highest number of umbels/plant, number of umbel lets/plant, number of seeds/umbel, number of seeds/plant, weight of seeds/plant and seed yield (586.5 kg/ha) which was followed by Provax and Sunvit, and the lowest of these parameters were obtained from control treatment. &nbsp