185 research outputs found

    Immunisation-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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    Background: In the Democratic Republic of Congo, it was reported in 1995 that the routine coverage for BCG was as low as 47%, and that it was 27% for DPT3, 28% for OPV3 and 39% for measles vaccine. The trend also was declining unevenly. This study aimed to determine the reasons for such low coverage, examining the socio-demographic characteristics of mothers and health system factors such as health services barriers. It further sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers associated with routine immunisation. Methods: In 1999, a cross-sectional household survey applied a systematic sampling technique in a sample of eight out of the 22 health zones that then served the population of Kinshasa. These were dichotomised into low- and high-coverage health zones, based on BCG immunisation coverage. Mothers of children aged from zero to four years were the respondents to a standardised questionnaire. Results: A total of 1 613 children aged zero to four years participated in the study. Awareness of immunisation and its importance in protecting a child against diseases was universal, although most mothers could not tell exactly against which diseases. Mothers had positive attitudes towards immunisation (98%). Coverage based on the immunisation card, however, was as low as 37%, indicating a discrepancy between the high level of knowledge and positive attitudes, with the observed low immunisation coverage. The father's education and the mother's experience of an EPI-targeted disease in the family emerged as significant predictors of complete immunisation of the child. The father's involvement and the mother's ability to cite signs of severity of EPI diseases were associated with the child's vaccination status in the high-coverage health zone. The mother's vaccine-related knowledge was a predictor of immunisation status only in the low-coverage zone. Conclusion: Different factors determine the complete vaccination status, depending on whether the child lives in a zone with low or high routine EPI coverage. For example, the father's involvement is associated with the child's vaccination status in the high- coverage zone, but not in the low-coverage zone. Programmes and policy makers should take these factors into account when designing strategies to increase immunisation coverage. South African Family Practice Vol. 50 (2) 2008: pp. 61-61

    Profil de sensibilisation aux allergènes des asthmatiques adultes à Kinshasa, RDC : Etude transversale par prick-tests: Allergen sensitization profile of adult asthmatics in Kinshasa, DRC: Cross-sectional study by prick-tests

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    Context. Atopy is a common feature of asthma, involving near 80% of patients. Allergen sensitization shows environmental and geographical variability worldwide. Objective. To determine the common allergen sensitization profile of adult asthmatics in Kinshasa. Methods. From June 2017 to February 2018, 216 asthmatics aged 18 and over, of both sexes, were consecutively recruited at the University Clinics of Kinshasa and in some parishes and churches around the same town. The socio-demographic variables were registered using a validated questionnaire. The prick-test was performed relaying on five standardized commercial extracts of dog and cat dander, house dust mite (Blomia tropicalis, Bt), molds (Alternaria alternata), and egg yolk. Results. The population, average age of 45.23 (SD=17.56) years, 74% female, was sensitized at least to one allergen (53%) and non -sensitized in 47%. Twenty-five percent were monosensitized and 27% plurisensitized. The sensitization profile was respectively to Blomia tropicalis (72%), cat dander (46%), dog dander (34%), Alternaria alternata (13%) and egg yolk (11%). Conclusion. The present study indicates a plurisentisization feature in many asthmatics in our milieu ; mainly to dust mites and cat dander. Futher investigations involving a larger number of subjects and using broader test batteries are needed to improve diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in our context. Contexte. Environ 80% des asthmatiques sont atopiques. La sensibilisation aux allergènes communs présente certaines variabilités environnementales et géographiques. Objectif. Déterminer le profil de sensibilisation aux allergènes communs des asthmatiques adultes de la ville de Kinshasa. Méthodes. De juin 2017 à février 2018, 216 asthmatiques de 18 ans et plus, des 2 sexes, ont été consécutivement recrutés aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa et dans certaines paroisses et églises de réveil de la ville de Kinshasa. A l’aide d’un questionnaire validé, les variables sociodémographiques ont été précisées. Le prick-test a été réalisé avec cinq extraits commerciaux standardisés de phanères de chien et chat, l’acarien de poussière de maison (Blomia tropicalis, Bt), les moisissures (Alternaria alternata), et le jaune d’oeuf. Résultats. L’âge moyen de la population était de 45,23 (ET=17,56) ans, 74% de sexe féminin, 47 % non sensibilisés et 53% sensibilisés à au moins un allergène. Vingt-cinq pourcent étaient monosensibilisées et 27% plurisensibilisées. Le profil de sensibilisation était Blomia tropicalis (72%), phanères de chat (46%), phanères de chien (34%), Alternaria alternata (13%) et jaune d’oeuf (11%). Conclusion. Une plurisensibilisation aux allergènes communs chez les asthmatiques dans notre milieu est présente dont le profil dominé par les acariens et les phanères de chats. Des enquêtes futures incluant un plus grand nombre de sujets et recourant à des batteries de tests plus élargies s’imposent en vue d’une définition d’options diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dans notre contexte

    Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder among school children in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

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    Objectives: To estimate the prevalence and determinants of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms among school children in Kinshasa, an African urban setting. Methods: The 18-items of the Disruptive Behaviour Disorder rating scale (DBD), which is based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for mental disorders 4th edition (DSM-IV), were used to investigate the presence of ADHD symptoms. Parents interviews, using a questionnaire specially designed for the study, were performed to identify socio-demographic characteristics. All children were subject to a clinical examination. Results: The estimated prevalence of DSM-IV ADHD symptoms was 6 %. Those with family health problems, younger age at start of primary school, good nutritional status and poor school performance more often had DSM-IV ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: ADHD symptoms are as common among school children in Kinshasa as elsewhere. The socio-demographic factors described as risk factors for ADHD in high-income countries were not identified in this study. Keywords: D, DSM-IV, school children, risk factors. African Health Sciences Vol. 5 (3) 2005: pp. 172-18

    Assessment of treatment outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in D R Congo: A study based on drug regimens used between 2007 to 2017: Évaluation des issues thérapeutiques des patients atteints de la tuberculose à bacilles multi résistants : étude basée sur les régimes de médicaments utilisés en République Démocratique du Congo de 2007 à 2017

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    Context. Little is known about therapeutic successes in MDR-TB patients under regimens containing second-line molecules. The present study aimed to assess therapeutic outcomes in patients under therapeutic regimens applied in DR Congo. Methods. This historical cohort study has included confirmed MDR-TB patients who received treatment between 2007 and 2017 in 218 TB centers in DR Congo. Treatment outcome and survival at 36 months were analyzed using Zscore and chi square test. Kaplan-Meier method was performed to describe survival and Log Rank test helped in comparing curve based on the therapeutical regimen. Factors associated with therapeutic success and mortality predictors were assessed using multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analysis, respectively. Results. The therapeutic success in the study group (n=1,724) was 72% (range 68-74%) for all regimen combined. The average death rate was 12.8% although the group of patients receiving CyclosĂ©rine and Ofloxacine was the most affected (16%). The death rate was significantly higher in patients living in urban areas (15.2% versus 14.9%, p = 0.013) and also among MDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients (28.4% vs 15.7%, p<0.001) patients. The median survival of the study group was 722.7 days compared to 601.1 days for MDR-TB/HIV co-infected patients, and 736.7 days for HIV negative patients (p<0.001). Conclusion. Therapeutic successes are significant for the short regimen. However, the death rate remains high when Cycloserine and Ofloxacin are included in the regimen. The predictors of mortality are HIV infection and living in urban areas. Contexte. L’issue thĂ©rapeutique de la tuberculose multi rĂ©sistante (TB-MR) sous les molĂ©cules de deuxième intention n’est pas très bien connue. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©valuĂ© les rĂ©gimes thĂ©rapeutiques appliquĂ©s, en termes de succès thĂ©rapeutique et de survie. MĂ©thodes. L’étude de cohorte historique a inclu les patients TB-MR confirmĂ©s et traitĂ©s entre 2007 et 2017 dans 218 centres de tuberculose en RD Congo. L’issue thĂ©rapeutique et la survie Ă  36 mois ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. Le score Z ou le test de chi carrĂ© ont comparĂ© des issues. La mĂ©thode de Kaplan-Meier a dĂ©crit les courbes de survie et le test de Log Rank a comparĂ© la survie en fonction du regime therapeutique. Les facteurs associĂ©s au succès thĂ©rapeutique et les prĂ©dicteurs de mortalitĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©s respectivement, par l’analyse multivariĂ©e de rĂ©gression logistique et de Cox. RĂ©sultats. Dans le groupe Ă©tudiĂ© (n=1724), le succès thĂ©rapeutique a Ă©tĂ© de 72% (68-74%) pour l’ensemble des rĂ©gimes. Le taux Ă©tait plus Ă©levĂ© pour le rĂ©gime court (74%) et plus faible pour le rĂ©gime contenant la CyclosĂ©rine et l’Ofloxacine (68%). La moyenne de dĂ©cès Ă©tait de 12,8% ; mais plus Ă©levĂ©e dans le groupe sous regime contenant la CyclosĂ©rine et l’Ofloxacine (16%). Le taux de dĂ©cès Ă©tait significativement plus Ă©levĂ© en milieu urbain (15,2% versus 14,9 %, p = 0,013) et Ă©galement chez les sujets co-infectĂ©s par la MDR-TB  et le VIH (28.4% vs 15.7%, p <0,001). La survie mĂ©diane dans le groupe Ă©tait de 722,7 jours contre 601,1 jours chez les co-infectĂ©s MDR-TB/VIH, et de 736,7 jours) chez les patients VIH nĂ©gatifs (p<0,001). Conclusion. Les succès thĂ©rapeutiques sont acceptables en particulier, pour le rĂ©gime court ; toutefois, le taux de dĂ©cès demeure encore très Ă©levĂ© dans le groupe sous CyclosĂ©rine et Ofloxacine. Les prĂ©dicteurs de mortalitĂ© sont l’infection Ă  VIH et la vie citadine. &nbsp

    Leçons apprises de la gestion des épidémies de la maladie à virus Ebola en République Démocratique du Congo de 2007 à 2017: Lessons learned from the management of Ebola outbreaks in the Democratic Republic of Congo from 2007 to 2017

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    Context and objective. DRC’s ecosystem provides conditions that are favorable to the occurrence of zoonotic diseases at the human-animal interface including Ebola virus disease (EVD). Because the level of lethality of EVD is high, the present study focuses on the epidemics that occurred in Mweka (2007 and 2008), Isiro (2012), Boende (2014) and Likati (2017) with a view to assess the response components during each outbreak and to identify those with relevant impact on the scale of the epidemic. Methods. An analytical retrospective study of secondary data collected during the management of the five aforementioned EVD epidemics in DRC was conducted.Charecteristics of each outbreak were described based on descriptive statistics, and univariate analyzes of each response component were conducted in relation to lethality. Results. A total of 422 cases were recorded with 282 deaths or 66.8% lethality. The vast majority of cases are in the 15 to 49 age group. The female sex is the most represented. Among all the elements of the answer, in a univariate model, the deployment of the mobile laboratory (p = 0.002), the functionality of the commissions (p =0.001), the deployment of a multidisciplinary team and the powerful surveillance system (p = 0.001) are significantly associated with lethality. Conclusion. Rapid deployment of the mobile laboratory in the field, deployment of multidisciplinary teams, efficient functionality of the commissions and a functional monitoring system significantly reduced the fatality rate. Contexte et objectifs. La RDC a un écosystème favorable à la survenue des maladies d’origine zoonotique à l’interface homme-animal dont la maladie à virus Ebola (MVE). Face à une létalité reconnue être élevée pour cette dernière, cette étude s’est focalisée sur les épidémies survenues à Mweka (2007 et 2008), à Isiro (2012), à Boende (2014) et à Likati (2017) afin de décrire les différents éléments de réponse mis en place lors de chacune de ces épidémies et identifier ceux qui ont une influence significative sur l’ampleur de l’épidémie. Méthodes. Une étude documentaire analytique sur les données secondaires recueillies lors de la gestion de ces cinq épidémies de la MVE survenues en RDC. Les statistiques descriptives ont été réalisées pour caractériser chaque épidémie. Les analyses univariées de chaque élément de réponse ont été menées en rapport avec la létalité. Résultats. Un total de 422 cas a été enregistré avec 282 décès soit 66,8 % de létalité. La grande majorité de cas se trouve dans la tranche d’âge de 15 à 49 ans. Le sexe féminin est le plus représenté. Parmi tous les éléments de la réponse, dans un modèle univarié, le déploiement du laboratoire mobile (p=0,002), la fonctionnalité des commissions (p=0,001), le déploiement d’une équipe multidisciplinaire et le système de surveillance performant (p=0,001) sont associés significativement à la létalité. Conclusion. Le déploiement rapide du laboratoire mobile sur le terrain, le déploiement des équipes multidisciplinaires, la bonne fonctionnalité des commissions et le système de surveillance fonctionnel ont permis de réduire significativement la létalité

    Evaluation de la qualité des soins aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa : étude de satisfaction des patients hospitalisés: Assessment of the quality of care at the Kinshasa University Hospital: perception of attending

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    Context and objective. Assessing the quality of are is a valid indicator of health systems effectiveness. This concept is increasingly used in health planning. However, developing countries are slow in integrating these principles. The present work reports the quality of care assessment as perceived by patients hospitalized in the Kinshasa University Hospital (KUH). Methods. This was a descriptive study using a selfadministered questionnaire to hospitalized patients on the day of discharge. Questions were focused on the patient reception, privacy protection, patient information and nursing care. Results. Eighty women (54%) and 68 men (46%) in total were surveyed.  Patient's reception, specifically their admission and units of care were badly assessed by eight patients out of ten. Similarly, comfort in rooms was badly assessed in 75% of case due to heat, dirt, and noise prevailing inside. In contrast, data on confidentiality (86%) and quality of health information (90%), treatment received and assistance to routine life activities (88%) were greatly appreciated. The overall satisfaction level was high and the majority of patients (75%) declared to be ready to come back to CUK for consultation. 77% would recommend their relatives to this structure if needed. Conclusion. This patient satisfaction survey in KUH showed some concerning evidences which shall challenge care managers and providers in this institution. Contexte et objectif. L’évaluation de la qualitĂ© des soins offerts est un indicateur validĂ© de l’efficacitĂ© d’un système de santĂ©. Le concept est de plus en plus utilisĂ© dans la planification sanitaire. Cependant, les pays en dĂ©veloppement tardent Ă  intĂ©grer ces principes. Ce travail rapporte l’apprĂ©ciation des soins telle que perçue par les patients hospitalisĂ©s aux Cliniques Universitaires de Kinshasa. MĂ©thodes. Une Ă©tude descriptive a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e Ă  l’aide d’un questionnaire auto administrĂ© Ă  des sujets Ă  la sortie d’hospitalisation. Les questions Ă©taient articulĂ©es autour de l’accueil, du respect de l’intimitĂ©, de l’information et des soins proprement-dits. RĂ©sultats. Au total, 80 femmes (54%) et 68 hommes (46%) ont Ă©tĂ© interrogĂ©s. Le service d’accueil rĂ©servĂ© Ă  la rĂ©ception ainsi qu’aux unitĂ©s des soins a Ă©tĂ© mal apprĂ©ciĂ© par huit malades sur dix. Il en est de mĂŞme du confort dans les chambres (75%) Ă  cause de la chaleur, de la saletĂ© et du bruit qui y rĂ©gnaient. Par contre, ils ont apprĂ©ciĂ© le respect de l’intimitĂ©, la qualitĂ© de l’information reçue sur leur maladie, le traitement reçu ainsi que l’aide aux activitĂ©s de la vie courante. Le niveau global de satisfaction a Ă©tĂ© Ă©levĂ© et la majoritĂ© des personnes (75%) ont dĂ©clarĂ© ĂŞtre prĂŞtes Ă  revenir consulter aux CUK et y recommanderaient leurs proches en cas de besoin (77%). Conclusion. L’enquĂŞte de satisfaction rĂ©vèle des donnĂ©es prĂ©occupantes et qui devraient interpeller les organisateurs des prestations de soins dans notre institution

    Tendances de la tuberculose pulmonaire bactériologiquement confirmée et issues thérapeutiques en République Démocratique du Congo : 2007-2017: Trends of bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment outcomes in Democratic Republic of the Congo: 2007-2017

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    Context and objective. DR Congo ranks among high burden countries for tuberculosis. However, the real incidence of the disease is unknown. The study aimed to describe the trends in the estimated incidence of the bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary TB and therapeutic outcomes of patients. Methods. A retrospective analysis of data from TB patients recorded during the period of 2007 to 2017 through all the country. Linear regtression model and z-score helped to assess the year to year variations in notification rate and treatment outcomes. Results. A total of 884,458 patients were enrolled including 820,858 new patients (NP TP+) and 63,600 with a previous TB treatment. The increase reached 28.95% during this decade. The annual average inrease was of 2, 41% +/- 3, and 28 % for NP TP+ and of 5, 7% +/-0.26 for default patients. Treatment outcome assessment included 848,163 patients among them, 789, 716 NP TP+ and 58,447 with a previous TB treatment. The success rate was 88% in the former group, of 70% in those with relapse, 64.3% in patients with failure and 67.8% in the group of ancient defaulters. A total of 70,515 (8.3%) patients remained smear positive. Conclusion. The study shows an increase in the incidence of reported TP+ patients with a treatment outcome reaching the WHO’s expectations. However the high proportion of smear positive patients suggests a high risk of further acquired TB resistance. Contexte et objectifs. La République Démocratique du Congo compte parmi les pays à lourd fardeau pour la tuberculose (TB), l’incidence réelle de la maladie n’est pas formellement connue. La présente étude vise à décrire les tendances de l’incidence notifiée des patients atteints de tuberculose pulmonaire bactériologiquement confirmée (TP+) et leurs issues thérapeutiques. Méthodes. Cette étude documentaire, analyse les données des patients diagnostiqués et traités pour tuberculose de 2007 à 2017 en RDC. L’incidence notifiée des patients TP+, le taux d’accroissement annuel, les issues thérapeutiques ont été recherchés. Les variations du nombre de patients sont exprimées par les proportions. Les tendances sont présentées à travers les courbes de régression linéaire. Les issues thérapeutiques sont comparées à l’aide du z-score avec un seuil significatif de p˂ 0,05. Résultats. Au total 884 458 patients TP+ ont été rapportés, dont 820 858 nouveaux patients (NP TP+) et 63 600 déjà traités. Le taux d’accroissement au cours de cette décade était de 28,95%, soit de 66099 en 2007 à 93767 en 2017 pour les NP TP+. L’augmentation annuelle moyenne était de 2,41% +/- 3,28 pour les NP TP+ et de 5,7% +/- 0,26 par an pour les rechutes. La notification des échecs de traitement initial et repris après abandon de traitement ont une tendance à la baisse. L’évaluation thérapeutique de tous les cas cumulés a concerné 848 163 patients dont 789 716 NP TP+ et 58447 en retraitement. Le succès thérapeutique était de 88,0 % pour les NP TP+ et 70,0 % pour les rechutes, de 64,3 % pour les échecs et de 67,8% pour les repris en traitement après abandon. En somme 70 515 (8,3%) patients ont gardé des expectorations positives. Conclusion. Cette étude montre une tendance à la hausse de notification des cas incidents dont l’issue de traitement répond aux standards de l’OMS. En outre, un nombre des personnes demeurent porteurs de germes persistants précurseurs d’une TB pharmacorésistante acquise

    Hypertensive retinopathy and its association with cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular morbidity in Congolese patients : cardiovascular topic

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    Signs indicating hypertensive retinopathy can help determine the extent of hypertensive cardiovascular, renal and cerebrovascular damage

    Oncogenic viruses associated with vulva cancer in HIV-1 patients in Botswana

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    BACKGROUND: Oncoviruses such as HPV, KSHV, and EBV have been reported in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. How oncovirus-associated cancers rise in AIDS patients has not been fully established. The purpose of our study was to identify the viral agents in vulvar cancer and to assess their contribution to pathogenesis. METHOD: We retrospectively identified a total of 13 vulva tissue samples from HIV-1 positive and 9 vulvar samples from HIV-1 negative patients from the Botswana National Health Laboratory in Gaborone, Botswana, a Southern African country with a high incidence of HIV. We utilized PCR and IHC to identify HPV, EBV, KSHV, and JC virus in FFPE preserved tissue samples. RESULTS: Using the GP5(+)/GP6(+) primer set we detected several HPV types in tissue samples. EBV was detected in all of the positive cases (100%) and in most of the negative cases (89%). KSHV was detected in 39% of the HIV-1 positive samples and in 11% of the negative samples, and no JC virus was detected in any of the samples. Using IHC we demonstrated that LANA was expressed in 61% of the positive samples and in 44% of the negative samples. The ubiquitous EBV was more consistently expressed in negative cases (100%) than in positive cases (69%). Interestingly, the HPV-16 E6 transcript was detected in 56% of the negative samples compared to 31% of the positive samples. However, the cell cycle protein P21 used as a surrogate marker for HPV was detected in 77% of the positive samples and in 44% of the negative samples, while VEGF signals were similar in both positive (92%) and negative samples (89%). CONCLUSION: Our study, suggests that in Botswana, vulvar squamous cell carcinoma (VSCC) is associated with oncogenic viruses present in the niche but the contribution and progression may be regulated by HPV and other immunosuppressive infections that include HIV-1

    Establishing Telepathology in Africa: Lessons From Botswana

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    Few reports of telepathology in Africa exist in the medical literature. With the strong need for improvement in health care infrastructure and personnel training in many African nations, telepathology provides a rapid and versatile tool to improve clinical care and foster educational and research opportunities. We describe the challenges faced in establishing robotic telepathology (RT) services at a government referral center in Botswana and reflect on conditions under which such initiatives may be most likely to succeed in sub-Saharan Africa and other parts of the developing world
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